ARC 1013 - Unit 4

Carlo Scarpa

Brion Cemetery, Treviso, Italy 1969-1978

Tadao Ando

-Japanese architect
-self-taught (began as a carpenter's apprentice)
-traveled extensively to study architecture
-combine modernism with traditional Japanese aesthetics
-use of concrete

Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio

-both educated at Copper Union in New York
-begin constructing "Guerilla Architecture" on vacant land
-received "Genius" grant in 1999 from Macarthur Fellows Program
-key commissions: Blur Building - Swiss Expo; High Line - New York

Blur Building

Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio; Swiss Expo

High Line

Elizabeth Diller and Richard Scofidio; New York

Sir Norman Foster

-born in Manchester, England
-School of Architecture University of Manchester
-graduate school -> Yale (with Richard Rogers - Pompidou Center w. Renzo Piano)
-extensive travel in US
furniture design

Hong Kong bank

Sir Normal Foster;
Hong Kong

Carre' d' Art

Nimes, France
Sir Norman Foster

London City Hall

London
Sir Norman Foster

Reichstag Dome

Berlin, Germany 1999
Sir Norman Foster

Frank Gehry

-born in Canada, moved to LA at 17
-school of architecture at University of Southern California
-graduate school at Harvard (urban planning)
-opened his own firm at age 33
-furniture design

Guggenheim Museum

Bilbao
Frank Gehry

Experience Music Project

Seattle
Frank Gehry

Gehry House

Frank Gehry

George Ohr Museum

Biloxi, Mississippi
under construction pre-Katrina
Frank Gehry

Zaha Hadid

-born in Baghdad, Iraq
-trained as a mathematician
-graduate school at the A.A. (Architectural Association) in London
-deconstructivist
-colorful drawings, paintings, and computer models

Contemporary Arts Center

Cincinnati 2003
first build project by Zaha Hadid in US

Vitra Fire Station

Zaha Hadid

deconstruction

designs buildings that look like they explode defying gravity and a single point of view, she created collages of lines and planes that disrupt our usually static view of cities

Herzog and De Meuron

-childhood friends
-practice in Basil, Switzerland

Tate Gallery of Modern Art

London
Jaquees Herzog and Pierre De Meuron

National Olympic Stadium

Beijing
"the bird nest"
Jaquees Herzong and Pierre De Meuron

Rem Koolhaas

-dutch - born in Rotterdam
-studied at the AA (Architectural Association School in London)

Delirious New York: a Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan

Herzog and De Meuron wrote this publication

OMA, S, M, L, XL

Herzog and De Meuron wrote this publication

Prada Flagship Store

New York 2001
Herzog and De Meuron

Educatorium

Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1997
Herzog and De Meuron

Daniel Libeskind

-born in Lodz, Poland
-gained US citizenship in 1965

Jewish Museum 1

Berlin
Daniel Libeskind

Imperial War Museum

Manchester
Daniel Libeskind

Jewish Museum 2

San Francisco
Daniel Libeskind

Denver Art Museum

Denver
Daniel Libeskind

Freedom Tower

New York City
Daniel Libeskind

Jean Nouvel

-french architect
-educated at the Ecole d'Beaux Arts, Paris

Lyons Opera House

Jean Nouvel remodeled this place

Cultural and Congress Center

Lucerne, Switzerland
Jean Nouvel

Renzo Piano

-born in Genoa, Italy
-studied at University of Florence and Milan Polytechnic
-early partnership with Richard Rogers (english)
-pushes limits of building technology
-maintains control from design through construction
-two skins - outer layer iroko wood inner
-layer of moveable glass louvers
-buildings are ventilated passively and act as chimneys to draw warm air out

Pompidou Center

Paris
Renzo Piano

Menil Museum

Houston, Texas
Renzo Piano

The Shard

London
tallest building in the EU
offices, restaurant, hotel, apartments, observatory

Nelson Fine Arts Center

Arizona State
Antoine Pedrock

American Heritage Center

Laramie, Wyoming
Antoine Pedrock

chinese architecture

-feng shui
-wooden beams/columns
-wooden architecture traditions; important structures are made of timber (palaces, temples)
-walls are modular
-pagodas
-Great Wall

feng shui

concept of orientation harmony with nature positive energy (chi)

pagodas

buddhist temples in China

Great Wall

-barrier against enemies
-began in 210 BCE, built over centuries
-10,000 miles long
-15'-30' high
-15'-25- wide
-frequent watchtowers

japanese architecture

-traditions in wood and timber (paper screens as walls, tile roofs, straw mats, plaster finish)
-harmony with nature
-timber
-shinto shrines
-Horyuji Temple
-removeable walls, open interior, wide eaves

Shinto

Japan's native formal religion

torii

large freestanding timer gateway; often framing something in nature or an entryway to the shinto shrines

Horyuji Temple

oldest surviving wooden structure in Japanese architecture

tea houses

-tea ceremony for upper classes
-preparing and drinking green tea according strict rules
-done in special these
-no decorations, furnishing, no distractions

tatami

modular flooring mats 3ftx6ft

islam and architecture

-mosques designed for communal prayer
-no figurative (represent people) art on walls
-art based on flowers, geometric shapes, Arabic script
-Dome of the Rock
-Great Mosque of the Samarra

Dome of the Rock

-islam architecture
-7th century
-Jerusalem
-influenced by Byzantine architecture
-shrine for pilgrims
-center is sacred rock where Muhammed ascended to heaven
-octagonal form

Great Mosque of Samarra

islamic architecture

Moorish architecture

-Muslims (moors) came to Spain in 8th century
-looked to ancient Roman architecture
-Mosque of Cordoba

Mosque of Corboda

1st islamic structure in Europe

indian architecture

-various cultural influences
-buddhists, hindus, muslims, british
-foreign cultures and different religions have been absorbed and transformed by Asian indian architects
-Taj Mahal

buddhists

earliest structures (-3 century) stone

hindus

ornate style (8 century) carved in stone (as if carved in wood); pyramid style

muslisms

(12-18 century) Islamic traditions with ornate palaces, mosques, tombs

europeans

especially British (17-mid 20th centuries) Victorian revival

Taj Mahal

national emblem of India
1632-1653

the Ladies Mount Vernon Association

who acquires Mount Vernon in the 1850s?

Mount Vernon

first property to be saved by an organization founded solely to preserve a building

Levy Monticello

1870

Vicksburg Military Park

established in 1899

First Historic Preservation Ordinance

Charleston, South Carolina 1931

New Orleans

who passed the second historic preservation ordinance in 1941?

1932

when did the Natchez Pilgrimage begin?

Natchez

who passed the 3rd historic preservation ordinance in the nation in 1951?

Urban Renewable Projects

included tearing down significant portions of existing downtowns, believing it would clear the way for these that unfortunately never materialized

Tennessee Valley Authority and US Corps of Engineers

who reshaped vast areas through food control and reservoir projects to provide electricity to the rural south?

interstate highway system

was cutting great swaths through city and countryside alike

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

established review of federal projects on historic properties

Miami Beach Preservation

Barbara Baer Capitman

Jefferson College

1802 Washington, Mississippi (near Natchez)

Auburn

Natchez, MS federal style

William Nicoles

-born in Bath, England
-greek revival style
-became State Architect of Mississippi in 1835
-Old Capitol, 1839
-Governor's Mansion, 1842
-Waverly, near West Point, MS, 1858
-Lyceum - University of Mississippi, 1848
-Windsor Ruins

Reuben Harrison Hunt

-Moved to Chattanooga, TN in 1882 - R.H. Hunt Company
-Montgomery Hall, MSU, Beaux Arts Style
-Lee Hall - MSU, Beaux Arts Style

Montgomery Hall

-RH Hunt- Beaux Arts Style 1902

Lee Hall

-RH Hunt - Beaux Arts Style

beaux arts

a style of architecture favored by the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, characterized by symmetrical plans and the eclectic use of architectural features combined to give a massive, elaborate, and often ostentatious effect

Mississippi State Capitol

Theodore Link, 1903

Theodore Link

-St. Louis
-Designed Mississippi State Capitol
-Perry Cafeteria - MSU
-Old Oktibbeha County Courthouse 1903-1958

Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Mississippi

-Charnley Summer House (in Sullivan's Office)
-Willis Hughs House "Fountainhead" - 1948, Jackson,

Pinecoate Pavilion at Crosby Arboretum

Picayune, MS

NW Overstreet

-Bailey Magnet School, Jackson, MS
-YMCA Building

Ohr O'Keefe Museum

Frank Gehry, George E. Ohr

ubran sprawl

damaging the environment both directly and indirectly; this happens through rampant consumption of raw land, and the fossil fuels required for people to drive to these remote places

green building

a building that is located and constructed in a sustainable manner and that is designed to allow its occupants to live, work, and play

brownfields

abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and commercial facilities / sites where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination

20

the building industry contributes to ___% of all waste

reasons to utilize green building principles

-Improved air quality
-Reduced consumption of virgin raw materials
-Waste reduction
-Consumer demand for environmentally friendly products

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Federal Civil Rights law that prohibits the exclusion of people with disabilities from everyday activities

new urbanism

a type of compact neighborhood design pioneered by Miami architects Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk; replaces the typical suburban subdivision with more diverse environments which mix residential and commercial buildings hypothetically providing a walkable community where people

Cotton District

Dan Camp - designer/developer/builder
development creates place

Andres Duany

-Founder of Two Architecture Firms:
Arquitectonica
Duany Plater-Zybeck and Company (DPZ)
-Seaside, Florida
-Kentlands, Maryland
-B. Arch - Princeton
-M. Arch - Yale

Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk

-Co-founder of Duany Plater-Zybeck and Company (DPZ)
-Seaside, Florida
-Kentlands, Maryland
-Dean of University of Miami School of Architecture
-B. Arch - Princeton
-M. Arch - Yale

Seaside, Florida

-Robert Davis, landowner and developer
-40 acres
-Various types of residential school, shopping, restaurants
-Walkable
-Master plan by Duany Plater-Zybeck and Company (DPZ)