biology lab 2

microorganisms

inventor gram stain

Hans Christian Gram

coccus

sphere shape

main bacteria shapes

rod, spiral, coccus

cyanobacteria

blue-green algae

study parts microscope

yes

gram stain 1

crystal violet for 1 minute

gram stan 2

grams stain iodine for 1 minute 

gram stain 3

apply decolorizer (95% alcohol) rinse immediately

gram stain 4

safranin for 1 minute

volvox

plant like protists or eukaryotic algae 

spirogyra

plant like protists or eukaryotic algae

euglenozoans

plant like protists or eukaryotic algae

diatoms 

plant like protists or eukaryotic algae

ciliates

Animal like protists (protozoans)

paramecium

Animal like protists (protozoans)

forams

Animal like protists (protozoans)

amoebozoans

Animal like protists (protozoans)

fungus like protists

slime molds

contractile vacuoles 

an organelle in protists and unicellular algae that regulates the cell's water balance

food vacuoles

single membrane-bound sacs in protozoa and some other cells that ingest and digest food particles

macronucleus

the larger of the two types of nuclei found in ciliate protozoa, like Paramecium, responsible for controlling the cell's metabolism and other non-reproductive cellular functions

oral groove

a channel on the side of a single-celled organism, such as a Paramecium, that functions as a mouth to ingest food

trichocytes

hair like projections

micronuclei

small, extra-nuclear DNA-containing structures that form due to chromosomal damage or mitotic errors

algae

a diverse group of aquatic, photosynthetic organisms, ranging from microscopic single cells to giant seaweeds, that produce their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide but lack the complex structures of land plants like true roots, stems, and leaves

frustules

the siliceous cell wall of a diatom, a type of single-celled algae

four supergroups eukaryotes

Excavata, the SAR clade (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizarians), Archaeplastida, and Unikonta