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the New Right
made up of neo-conservatives, Protestants, fundamentalists, and evangelicals.
Reagan’s campaign speeches
an optimistic vision of a rejuvenated America, his opposition to domestic social spending, high taxes, support for a stronger national defense, economic growth, and increased personal consumption.
California
while Reagan was campaigning, this state saw a taxpayer revolt sweeping through politics and provided a model for Reagan’s attack on “tax-and-spend” policy-making at the federal level. The situation was ironic because this tax revolt happened in response to tax increases put in place when Reagan was the state’s governor
priorities of Reagan and his aides
cutting federal taxes, reorienting the national government’s relationship to economic matters, and boosting national security capabilities.
initial response to Reaganomics
worst economic downturn since great depression. His approval ratings went way down.
later response to Reaganomics
rebound, see economic growth (never during Carter), inflation drops
critics of Reaganomics
trickle down is unfair, Swiss cheese, failed to match tax cuts to budget cuts (deficit),
new prosperity from Reaganomics
conservative
the type of judges Reagan appointed during his presidency
Sandra Day O’Connor
appointed by Reagan, she was the first woman to sit on the Supreme Court
Geraldine Ferraro
she was the first woman to run for president or vice president on a major party ticket with Walter Mondale.
conservatives and Reagan’s second term
felt Reagan’s next term would bring economic growth because conservatives would bring economic prosperity through the curtailment of governmental power and support for traditional socio-cultural values.
neoconservative members of the New Right
anticommunist liberals of the 50s and 60s, televangelists, and fundamentalists.
supply side economics
Reagan's economic policy that would implement tax cuts for the wealthy in hopes that their future investments would "trickle down" into the pockets of the lower class.
air traffic controller strike
Reagan stopped this by firing all involved in walking off their jobs and replacing them with military personnel.
The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act
stated that the federal government must have a balanced budget by 1991.
The Family Support Act
would require states to inaugurate work training programs and move people off of welfare.
the SDI
the Strategic Defense Initiative in which Reagan chose many well-respected scientists to research and develop a satellite defense system that would shoot nuclear missiles out of the sky.
The Iran-Contra Scandal
was when Reagan sold arms to Islamic militants to release hostages. He took the money and gave it to Contras in Nicaragua.
glasnost
freedom of expression, first time since beginning of soviet union, people can voice opposition and not face death or being sent to Siberia.
perestroika
economic restructuring, meant citizens could now own private property again instead of government owning everything
ineffectual
many people believed Carter was an ____________ president and they argued that life was just as bad when he arrived to when he left office
neo-conservatives
hardcore anticommunist liberals of 50s and 60s and televangelists and fundamentalists
anticommunist liberals
democrats that left because the Democratic party had changed, no focus on foreign policy, only social activism
religion
the marriage between this and conservativism was formed during the 1980s
televangelists
evangelicals with TV shows that were popular in the 80s and spoke to very big audiences and preach to. They used their platform to campaign for Republican campaign and Reagan owes his campaign to them.
abortion and Roe v. Wade
pushed religious groups to mobilize; redefinition of relationship between political and religious action
Jerry Falwell
popular televangelist; raised a lot of money for the conservative movement and Reagan and campaigned for the president in the 80s. Reagan owes his presidency to him.
Reagan Revolution
funny, likable, charming, witty man. credit to actor background, and even Democrats couldn’t hate him.
trickle-down theory
nickname for supply side economics; instituting massive tax cuts for wealthy and corporations; take money and invest in businesses/banks → creates more jobs → average Americans take up jobs and earn money to buy more stuff to boost economy; money trickles down to lower socio-economic groups
Reaganomics
tax cuts, budget cuts (to welfare programs), increase in military spending
deregulation of businesses and banks
led by Republicans, this was when the strict guidelines and rules since the New Deal were loosened up, more freedom of choice
1981 assassination attempt
John Hinckley Jr. shot Reagan because John believed he was in love with actress Jodie Foster and convinced himself he would impress Jodie by killing the president.
air traffic controller strike
Reagan fired everyone who went on strike and replaced them with military personnel. These endangered the safety of Americans, so Reagan was applauded for this
budget deficit
increased under Reaganomics (didn’t match tax cuts with budget cuts and increasing military spending; cut welfare programs but increased military spending)
widened
the wealth gap _________: a small population with most of the money, a larger population with little money.
conservative courts
the Supreme Court under Reagan; there were two vacancies
Antonin Scalia and Anthony Kennedy
conservative judges Reagan put in the Supreme Court, and there decisions rolled back on abortion and civil rights
HW Bush
running partner of Reagan for his second term
Walter Mondale
Democratic challenger for Reagan’s second term
1984 election
Democrats underestimated how well liked Reagan was, so he won in a huge landslide against Mondale
Black Monday
October 19, 1987; the largest drop in stock market since the Great Depression
the Challenger Explosion
January 1986 -- NASA was trying to re-popularize space exploration, so they held a contest where an average citizen could win and go up to space. A teacher won and trained with them. On live TV, the spacecraft launched from the site and shortly after exploded, killing all on board.
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act
established that federal government must have balanced budget by 1991
Family Support Act
required states to provide work-training programs to people on welfare; goal: get people off welfare and get a job
Sandra Day O’Connor
very first female Supreme Court Justice
spending war
Reagan engaged the USSR in this so they would eventually bankrupt themselves; accomplished through the SDI
Strategic Defense Initiative
research program where Reagan wanted scientists to see if we could use satellites in space to launch missiles - tech was not available at the time, so this was used to get the USSR to spend money to develop the impossible.
Star Wars
nickname for the SDI because American people didn’t love that a lot of money was dumped into a program towards something unattainable and thought it was a joke
Reagan Doctrine
the United States will intervene with communist threats anywhere in the world, including Lebanon, Grenada, and Nicaragua
Iran Contra Scandal
Reagan administration sold arms to Islamic militants/terrorists to release hostages and for money; bad look-- took the money and gave to the contras in Nicaragua
contras
new group in Nicaragua trying to oust the Sandinistas
Teflon Reagan
Reagan never took any of the heat for government mistakes, so he was nicknamed this
Oliver North
National Security Council member who took full blame/punishment for the Iran Contra Scandal -- Reagan got no punishment because he claimed he had no recollection talking with North or others about the deal.
Mikhail Gorbachev
last leader of the USSR
glasnost and perestroika
communism’s collapse is due to these two Soviet policies because Russians kept pushing for more freedoms, bringing an end to the Cold War and the USSR
December 1987
US and USSR sign a limitation agreement on the number of intermediate range missiles
satellite nations
in 1988, these started to declare their independence from the Soviet Union, holding free elections and going towards democratic government. The fall of the once big empire begins.
Supply Side Economics
Reagan’s economic policy that would implement tax cuts for the wealthy in hopes their future investments would “trickle down” into the pockets of the lower class
air traffic controllers
a strike amongst this group led Reagan to fire all involved in walking off their jobs and replace them with military personnel
spending war
Reagan wanted to engage the USSR in this in order to bankrupt them
perestroika
Soviet policy that literally meant “restructuring” -- restructured the Soviet economy and allowed for the reintroduction of private property
California
Reagan was elected the governor of this state prior to becoming US president
George HW Bush
Reagan’s VP and future president
Sandra Day O’Connor
the first female Supreme Court justice; appointed by Reagan
Sandinistas
Reagan opposed this group’s control in Nicaragua due to their Marxist government and support received from Cuba
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act
this stated that the federal government must have a balanced budget by 1991
Roe v. Wade
this government decision led to the increased involvement of the “Religious Right”
Oliver North
member of the National Security Council who took the fall for the Iran-Contra Scandal
Anthony Kennedy and Antonin Scalia
Reagan appointed a number of conservative justices to the Supreme Court including these two men
Strategic Defense Initiative
Reagan chose many well-respected scientists to research and develop a satellite defense system that would shoot nuclear missiles out of the sky
Geraldine Ferraro
the first woman to appear on a major party’s presidential ticket; VP running mate of Walter Mondale
glasnost
Soviet policy that literally meant “openness” -- allowed for more personal freedom in the USSR
Afghanistan
the USSR’s Vietnam
New Right
this political group included conservative businessmen, neo-conservatives, fundamentalists, and evangelical Christians
Iran
Reagan’s administration illegally sold weapons to Islamic militants in this nation in exchange for money and hostages
Family Support Act
requires states to inaugurate work training programs and move people off of welfare
contras
Reagan’s administration would give money obtained from arms sales to Islamic militants to this group in Nicaragua
budget deficit
due to Reagan’s increased military spending, this increased dramatically throughout his presidency
Gorbachev
the last leader of the USSR
Star Wars
critic’s name for Reagan’s “impossible” SDI
election of 1988
George Herbert Walker Bush runs for himself against Michael Dukakis, the Democratic challenger
associated
Bush always wanted to be ____________ with the popular and well liked Ronald Reagan
negative campaign
like attack ads, Dukakis and Bush used this and turned a lot of Americans off through their negativity
Read My Lips, No New Taxes
Bush’s biggest mistake and the campaign slogan for his huge promise. He was promising not to raise taxes, but because he eventually did and broke his promise, there was no way he’d win reelection
Democrats
controlled Congress during Bush’s presidency, so he was butting heads with them a lot
slows
economic growth at the end of Reagan’s presidency ______, and the budget deficit increases. Bush raised taxes, but there was no success
foreign policy
Bush’s strong suit; would have to be his ticket to win reelection. People couldn’t get over his disjointed domestic policy
official collapse of the Soviet Union
the crumble that began during Reagan’s presidency leads to this
bankrupt
USSR can no longer aid Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia because they were ____________ and can no longer control satellite nations through military and economic aid.
power vacuum
Satellite countries quickly collapse away from communism creating his in Europe after having been controlled for so long and not anymore creates chaos. Now bad people come in and try to take power. Eastern European countries still very unstable.
China
the last big communist nation
Tiananmen Square
China wants to make sure they keep their people under their thumb, and here, many college age Chinese students began Democratic protests and the Chinese government didn’t want people to assume they’d have a future like Poland or Hungary. They would not tolerate any Democratic nonsense and rolled in tanks and slaughtered Democratic protesters (only one picture in existence of the massacre)
Berlin Wall
in 1989, this officially falls, reuniting East and West Germany
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
become independent in 1990 and things and collapsing all around the Soviet Union
Russia again
Gorbachev was removed from power and the USSR officially collapsed in 1991; they were ________________ with a new government formed
Boris Yeltsin
the first president of the Commonwealth of Independent States (Russia)
START I and START II
in order to establish solid relationship between the US and Russia, Bush signs two treaties with Yeltsin. the first continues SALT, drastically reduced the number of nuclear missiles both nations could possess; the second reduced the number even further, also promised American economic aid to Russia, who was not recovering from bankruptcy of Afghanistan and spending war
Central America
fall of USSR weakened leftist insurgencies here because the USSR tried to aid any communist government anywhere in the world, but now, with the powerhouse gone, these communist governments elsewhere were left with no support.
Operation Just Cause
The US takes advantage of the weaken leftists in Central America and Bush initiates this, which focused on Panama, who was facing communist threats, and removed the person in power with communist leaning and put a pro-American in power
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