History and Context

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Last updated 9:06 PM on 8/26/26
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10 Terms

1
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What pandemics have the most impact on humanity?

  • plague among Philistines

  • St Justinians Plague

  • Black Death

  • smallpox in americas


2
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What diseases were introduced into the new world via colonization? Why were these specific diseases propagated so easily?

  • smallpox

  • measles

  • typhus influencza

  • malaria

  • yellow fever

  • infectious, communicable diseases, some-vector borne; easily transmitted between ppl, esp in crowded areas


3
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What is an infectious disease?

  • illness from infection by a pathogenic organism or its products

  • ex. flu, HIV, malaria, measles


4
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What is a communicable disease?

  • illness due to transmission of a pathogen or its toxic products between individuals (either directly or through vector/host)

  • ex. flu, malaria, TB measles


5
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Is botulism infectious, communicable, or both? why?

infectious - bacterial toxin causes disease, but doesn’t exit human body to infect others

6
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Is lyme disease infectious, communicable, or both? why?

both - bacteria spread through tick vector

7
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What is the urban cycle of a diseases?

  • pattern in which an infectious disease is maintained and transmitted mainly among humans in cities or densely populated areas

  • often with help from a vector such as mosquitoes


8
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Describe the yellow fever commission in terms of how it discovered routes of pathogen transmission

  1. Needed to prove hypothesis that mosquitoes spread YF and “fomites”/vomit/close exposure does not

  2. designed 2 buildings - one with infected clothing and one with mosquitoes

  3. infected clothing patients did not get sick - YF not spread via fomites

  4. mosquito patients infected - YF spread via mosquitoes

  5. YF patient blood transmitted to healthy people, they developed YF - blood holds and can transmit YF bacteria


9
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How is the plague different today?

  • less contagious

  • better containment and sanitation

  • usually spread through jungle route via rodents rather than urban, pnuemonic route


10
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What was the impact of disease on the new world?

smallpox, measles, typhus, syphillis, etc. caused mass death, reduced agricultural production, easier colonization