H A&P Chapter 6

primary functions of the skeletal system

support, storage of minerals and lipids, blood cell production, production, and leverage

Bones are classified by...

shape and structure

sutural bones

connection between bones

Irregular bones

vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category, weirdly shaped

short bones

box-like bones, rounded, spongy bone

long bones

long and slender bones with two ends

flat bones

thin parallel surfaces, compact bone

sesamoid bone

small, round, and flat, found near joints

process

any bones that sticks out / has a bump

ramus

part of a bone that creates an angle

sinus

a chamber within bone filled with air

foramen

a natural opening through a bone for blood vessels and nerves

meatus

a natural body passageway leading to the interior of the body

diaphysis

the main section of a long bone, wall of compact bone

epiphysis

wide part of the bone, mostly spongy

metaphysis

the growing part of a long bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

osteocyte

mature bone cell

canaliculi

passageways that allow for exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases

hydroxyapatite

what bone is made of

osteogenic

stem cell that becomes bone

osteoblasts

cell that forms the bone, builds it up

osteoclasts

carves out and develops new bone

osteocytes

mature bone

where are the osteocytes located

the lacunae

blood vessels grow..;

outside the cartilage, then penetrate and invade the central region

Epiphyseal plate

room for bone to grow

Epiphyseal line

no room for bone to grow

bone remodeling

recycling and renewing bone matrix (destroying to be built back up again)

bone remodeling involves...

osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts

If bone removal is faster the replacement...

bones weaken

bone remodeling...

strengthens bones

ossification (osteogenesis)

bone formation

osteon

functional unit of compact bone