respiratory agents 1

2 conditions of COPD

bronchitis and emphysema

lung tissue affected in asthma

bronchioles

lung tissue affected in COPD

bronchioles and alveoli

asthma cause

immune-mediated airway inflammation

asthma is characterized by (2)

inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (bronchoconstriction)

asthma & COPD: preventable/not preventable?

COPD preventable, not preventable

COPD distinguishing symptom

cough with excessive sputum

bronchodilator drug classes (3)

beta2-adrenergic agonists, methylxanthines, and anticholinergics

anti-inflammatory drug classes (2)

glucocorticoids and leukotriene modifiers

4 types of inhalers

metered-dose, dry-powdered, respimat, nebulizers

#1 used bronchodilator

albuterol

if taking a bronchodilator, need a ______________

glucocorticoid

short acting beta 2 agonists are taken ___ and use as ___________ in ___

PRN; prophylaxis; EIB

long-acting beta 2 agonists are taken when?

on a fixed-schedule

when are long-acting beta 2 agonists contraindicated?

when used alone

beta 2 agonist common suffix

-terol

in excessive doses oral beta 2 agonists cause...

angina and tachydysrhythmia

overuse of bronchodilators can cause...

rebound bronchoconstriction

methylxanthines common suffix

-ophylline

methylxanthines stimulate the...

CNS

what three things do methylxanthines dilate?

bronchioles, coronary arteries, and pulmonary vasculature

theophylline's therapeutic index is _-__ mcg/mL and is toxic when >__ mcg/mL

5-15; 20

theophylline & aminophylline: PO or IV?

aminophylline IV, theophylline PO

adverse effects of theophylline are related to...

serum levels

_______ decreases serum ____________ levels

smoking; theophylline

NOT helpful for acute respiratory attacks (4)

theophylline, glucocorticoids MDI/PO, ipratropium bromide, and cromolyn

respiratory anticholinergics are used for patients with persistent ____ symptoms

COPD

respiratory anticholinergic MOA

stops bronchospasm by antagonizing acetylcholine by blocking muscarinic receptors on the bronchi

ipratropium bromide is a ___________ ________________ that dilates bronchioles with few ________ effects

respiratory anticholinergics; systemic

respiratory anticholinergic common suffix

-tropium

glucocorticoid MOA

suppress inflammation

you must wean what drug class when discontinuation

glucocorticoids

glucocorticoid common suffix

-one

noteworthy side effects of inhaled steroids (5)

dysphonia, hyperglycemia, increased appetite/weight gain, insomnia, and fungal infections (candida)

leukotriene modifier common suffix

-lukast

leukotriene modifier MOA

decreases effect of leukotrienes, which stimulate inflammatory and immune response

cromolyn function (2)

prophylaxis of asthma and EIB

cromolyn drug class

mast cell stabilizer

cromolyn is given when?

on a fixed schedule

safest antiasthma medication

cromolyn