Karyotype, Meiosis and Nondisjunction Quiz Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts related to karyotypes, meiosis, and nondisjunction.

Karyotype

A complete set of chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that come from each parent and contain the same genetic information.

Diploid

A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Haploid

A cell that contains one set of chromosomes (N), such as gametes.

Crossing over

The process that occurs during Prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments, increasing genetic variation.

Nondisjunction

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

Meiosis I

The first round of meiotic division where homologous pairs are separated and cells become haploid at the end.

Meiosis II

The second round of meiotic division where sister chromatids are separated.

Trisomy

A genetic condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome. Example: Patau syndrome (trisomy 13).

Monosomy

A genetic condition characterized by the absence of one chromosome from the pair.