HORT 1001 Week 15 Terms

Bi-parental cross

It is a cross between two different plants.

Conventional crop

It is a crop that is not GMO and all of its genes originated from sexual reproduction.

Emasculate

It is the act of removing the anthers before pollen has been shed from a flower that is used as the female in breeding; used to reduce self-pollination when wanting to cross.

Exponential spread

It is very rapid spread of an invasive plant as numbers and reproductive rates accelerate.

Genetic engineering

It is manipulation and introduction of a transgene into a plant for a specific trait.

Genetic pollution

It is where genes from GMO crops may escape to conventional crops or weedy relatives.

Genetic pollution

It is when non-native invasive plants cross with native relatives to form hybrids carrying genetic material from both species.

GMO

It is a genetically engineered organism or a plant containing a transgene.

Inbreeding

Producing seed by selfing over 5-7 generations to develop pure lines.

Invasive plant

It is a plant that is non-native to an ecosystem, and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.

Lag phase

It is a phase during invasive plant spread that is slow due to a low number of plants being introduced.

Plant tissue culture

It is a method that uses synthetic growth media to provide the environment for mitotic cell divisions of plants and is used to regenerate a single cell into a whole plant.

Ploidy

It is the number of sets of homologous chromosomes in a cell.

Pure line

It is a true breeding plant produced by inbreeding so it is homozygous at most loci and produces identical plants by seed.

Reciprocal cross

It is a matching cross where the pollinator becomes the female and female of the former cross becomes the pollen donor.

Rhizome

It is a horizontal stem growing just below the soil surface.

Super weed

It is a weed produced by crossing with a GMO crop and inherits the GMO trait, like herbicide tolerance.

Totipotent

It is the ability of a single plant cell to grow into a whole plant.

Transformation

It is the process of using the gene gun or Agrobacterium tumefaciens to introduce a transgene into a plant.

Transformed

It is a synonym for GMO, or plant carrying a transgene.

Transgene

It is a gene introduced into a plant from another organism, not through sexual reproduction.

Transgenic

It is a synonym for GMO, or plant carrying a transgene.

Viral coat protein

It is a protein that surrounds the viral genome, protecting it, and is essential to virus replication.