Nutri Diet Chapter 1 - HISTORY OF NUTRITION

the "study of how organisms", particularly humans, obtain, process, and "utilize nutrients from food to sustain life", promote growth, and maintain health.

Nutrition

This field encompasses various aspects, including the biochemical and physiological processes involved in nutrient metabolism, the impact of nutrients on health and disease, and the relationship between diet, health, and disease prevention.

Nutrition

What are Nutrition as science:

- NATURALISTIC ERA (400 BC to 1750 AD)

- CHEMICAL-ANALYTICAL ERA (1750-1900)

- BIOLOGICAL ERA (1900-1955)

- CELLULAR OR MOLECULAR ERA (1955-1980)

Era's from - NATURALISTIC ERA STIC ERA (400 BC TO 1750 AD):

- HIPPOCRATES (460-370 BC)

- GALENUS (129-216 AD)

- Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries)

- Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries)

Father of Medicine

HIPPOCRATES (460-370 BC)

emphasizing the significance of food in maintaining health

GALENUS (129-216 AD

Influenced by religious and philosophical beliefs

Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries)

Renewed interest in science and the human body

Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries)

People from - CHEMICAL-ANALYTICAL ERA (1750-1900):

- Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)

- William Prout (1785-1850)

- Justus von Liebig (1803-1873)

- Father of Modern Chemistry

- Father of Nutrition

Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)

He classified foods into three groups:

- carbohydrates, fats, and protein

William Prout (1785-1850)

He Influenced by religious and philosophical beliefs

Justus von Liebig (1803-1873)

Era's from - BIOLOGICAL ERA (1900-1955):

- Casimir Funk (1912)

- Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis (1913)

- Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1929)

He Coined the term "vitamine" (later shortened to vitamin)

Casimir Funk (1912)

They discovered Vit A and B

Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis (1913)

He demonstrated the necessity of Vit. for health

Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1929)

Discoveries from - CELLULAR OR MOLECULAR ERA (1955-1980):

- Cellular Metabolism

- Enzyme Function

- Hormonal Regulation

Advances in biochemistry and molecular biology

Cellular Metabolism

Understanding how vitamins and minerals act

Enzyme Function

Studies on how nutrition affects “————” regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The study of nutrition is interrelated with allied arts and sciences.

- SCIENCES

ANATOMY

AGRICULTURE

BACTERIOLOGY

BIOLOGY

BIOCHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

DENTISTRY

FOOD SCIENCES

GENETICS

HISTOLOGY

MEDICINE

MICROBIOLOGY

NURSING

PATHOLOGY

PHYSICS

PHYSIOLOGY

The study of nutrition is interrelated with allied arts and sciences.

- ARTS

ANTHROPOLOGY

COMMUNICATIONS

ECONOMICS

EDUCATION

HISTORY

LANGUAGES

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

PHOTOGRAPHY

PSYCHIATRY

PSYCHOLOGY

CULINARY ARTS

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

MEAL MANAGEMENT

FOOD SERVICE SYSTEMS MANAGMENT (FSSM)

COMMON NUTRITIONAL NURSING DIAGNOSES:

- Pattern Nutrition and Metabolic

High risk for altered nutrition: intake exceeds the body's needs

Altered nutrition: intake exceeds the body's needs

Altered nutrition: eating less than the body needs

Effective breastfeeding

Ineffective breastfeeding

Interrupted breastfeeding

Ineffective infant feeding pattern

High risk of aspiration

Swallowing disorder

Altered oral mucosa

High risk for fluid volume deficits

Fluid volume deficits

Excess fluid volume

High risk for impaired skin integrity

Impaired skin integrity

Impaired tissue integrity

High risk for altered body temperature

Ineffective thermoregulation

Hyperthermia

Hypothermia

COMMON NUTRITIONAL NURSING DIAGNOSES:

- Examples of Other Diagnoses in Which Interventions May Be Part of the Care Plan Nutrition

Altered health maintenance

Ineffective management of therapeutic regimen Infection

Constipation

Diarrhea

Bowel incontinence

Altered urinary excretion.

Impaired physical mobility

Fatigue

Self-care deficit: feeding

Household altered

Altered tissue perfusion

Pain

Chronic pain

Alterations sensory/perceptual

Unilateral oblivion

Knowledge deficits

Anxiety

Body image disorder

Social isolation

Ineffective individual coping

Ineffective family coping

Defensive coping

ROLES OF NURSING IN NUTRITION CARE:

1. Nutritional Assessment:

2. Nutritional Education:

3. Care Planning:

4. Monitoring and Evaluation:

5. Direct Nutritional Support:

6. Advocacy:

7. Coordination and Collaboration:

8. Documentation

9. Specialized Nutritional Care

10. Health promotion

Nutritional Assessment Are?

- Screening and Evaluation

- Anthropometric Measurements

Nurses are often the first to assess patients' nutritional status through “_________”, identifying those at risk for malnutrition or nutrient deficiencies.

Screening and Evaluation

Conduct measurements such as weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), and skinfold thickness to assess nutritional status.

Anthropometric Measurements

Nutritional Education Are?

- Patient Education

- Dietary Counseling

Educate patients and their families about the importance of nutrition, healthy eating habits, and dietary modifications needed for specific health conditions.

Patient Education

Provide personalized dietary advice and counseling based on the patient's health status, preferences, and nutritional needs.

Dietary Counseling

Care Planning Are?

- Developing Care Plans

- Setting Goals

Collaborate with dietitians and other healthcare professionals to develop comprehensive nutrition care plans tailored to individual patients.

Developing Care Plans

Help set realistic and achievable nutritional goals for patients, monitoring progress and making adjustments as needed.

Setting Goals

Monitoring and Evaluation Are?

- Ongoing Monitoring

- Evaluating Outcomes

Regularly monitor patients' nutritional intake and status, tracking changes and intervening as necessary to ensure they meet their nutritional goals.

Ongoing Monitoring:

Assess the effectiveness of nutritional interventions and make necessary adjustments to improve patient outcomes.

Evaluating Outcomes:

Direct Nutritional Support are?

- Assisting with Feeding

- Administering Nutritional Therapies

Help patients with feeding, especially those who are unable to feed themselves due to illness, surgery, or disability.

Assisting with Feeding:

Administer enteral or parenteral nutrition to patients who cannot consume adequate nutrition orally.

Administering Nutritional Therapies

Advocacy are?

- Patient Advocacy:

- Resource Identification:

Advocate for patients' nutritional needs within the healthcare team, ensuring that nutrition is prioritized in patient care plans.

Patient Advocacy

Identify and connect patients with community resources and support services to assist with nutritional needs, such as food banks and meal programs.

Resource Identification:

Coordination and Collaboration are?

- Interdisciplinary Collaboration:

- Communication:

Work closely with dietitians, physicians, and other healthcare professionals to coordinate comprehensive nutritional care.

Interdisciplinary Collaboration:

Ensure effective communication among the healthcare team regarding patients' nutritional status and care plans.

Communication:

Documentation are?

- Accurate Record-Keeping

- Reporting Changes

Maintain accurate and detailed records of patients' nutritional assessments, care plans, interventions, and outcomes.

Accurate Record-Keeping

Report any significant changes in patients' nutritional status to the appropriate healthcare team members promptly.

Reporting Changes

Specialized Nutritional Care are?

- Managing Special Diets

- Nutrition in Chronic Illness:

Assist in managing and implementing special diets for patients with specific conditions such as diabetes, renal disease, or food allergies.

Managing Special Diets:

Provide targeted nutritional support and education for patients with chronic illnesses to manage their conditions and improve quality of life.

Nutrition in Chronic Illness

Health promotion are?

- Promoting Healthy Lifestyles:

- Preventive Care:

Encourage and support healthy lifestyle choices, including balanced diets and regular physical activity, as part of overall health promotion.

Promoting Healthy Lifestyles:

Participate in preventive care initiatives aimed at reducing the risk of nutrition-related diseases through education and community outreach.

Preventive Care: