cell transport test

what are the two kinds of cell transport?

passive transport and active transport

what is passive transport?

movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy (high concentration to low concentration & moves WITH the concentration gradient)

what is active transport?

movement across a cell membrane that does require energy (low concentration to high concentration & moves AGAINST the concentration gradient)

what is the main component of the cell membrane?

phospholipids

polar

hydrophilic

hydrophilic

non-polar

hydrophobic

head

polar (hydrophilic)

tail

non-polar (hydrophobic)

what is another name for the cell membrane?

phospholipid bilayer

what types of substances can pass through the cell membrane? (2 examples)

small and hydrophobic

• carbon dioxide

• oxygen

what types of substances need a transport protein?

large and hydrophilic

• sodium

• potassium

• calcium

• fluoride

what does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?

only allows certain molecules to enter

• extremely small

• hydrophobic (non-polar) molecules

concentration gradient

a difference in the distribution of substances across a space

solute

the substance that is being dissolved

solvent

the substance in which the solute dissolves

what is it called when concentration is equal inside and outside of the membrane?

• equilibrium

• homeostasis

what are the types of active transport?

ion pumps, exocytosis and endocytosis.

what are the types of passive transport?

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

What are ion pumps?

Membrane-spanning proteins that allow ions to pass in/out but they require energy

What is exocytosis?

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.

What is endocytosis?

process by which the cell takes in materials that are too large to pass through by folding in the cell membrane.

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. **DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!**

What is facilitated diffusion?

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels. **DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!**

What is osmosis?

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. **DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!**

hypotonic

A solution that causes cell to swell (hypo - hippo)/a solution with the greater concentration of solvents

hypertonic

A solution that causes cell to shrivel/a solution with the greater concentration of solutes

isotonic

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

equillibrium

a condition in which molecules are spread evenly(equally)

Phagocytosis

process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell also called "cell eating"

Pinocytosis

process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment also called "cell drinking"

aquaporins

channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water

permeability

how well a substance can pass through something

what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?

cell: 90% H20 solution: 80% H20 water travels out the cell hyper because water is exiting the cell (causes cell to shrivel)

what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?

cell: 25% solute solution: 20% solute water travels into the cell hypo because water is because water is entering the cell (causes the cell to expand

what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?

cell: : 90% H20 solution: 90% H20 water travels both in and out cell iso because both have the , water travels both ways

diffusion occurs because of

random movement of particles

Diffusion can be accelerated by

increasing temperature

dynamic equilibrium

when materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates, there is no net change in concentration inside the cell.

what is ATP and what does it stand for?

ATP- Adenosine Tri Phosphate it is an energy molecule that helps power cells

what type of biomolecule is ATP

nucleic acids

what is a vesicle and what makes it?

membrane bound sac made from ER and golgi apparatus

what substances are transported by vesciles and do they require energy?

large substances they do require energy