cell transport test

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Biology

9th

42 Terms

1
what are the two kinds of cell transport?
passive transport and active transport
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2
what is passive transport?
movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy (high concentration to low concentration & moves WITH the concentration gradient)
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3
what is active transport?
movement across a cell membrane that does require energy (low concentration to high concentration & moves AGAINST the concentration gradient)
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4
what is the main component of the cell membrane?
phospholipids
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5
polar

hydrophilic
hydrophilic
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6
non-polar
hydrophobic
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7
head
polar (hydrophilic)
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8
tail
non-polar (hydrophobic)
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9
what is another name for the cell membrane?
phospholipid bilayer
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10
what types of substances can pass through the cell membrane? (2 examples)

small and hydrophobic

  • carbon dioxide

  • oxygen

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11
what types of substances need a transport protein?

large and hydrophilic

  • sodium

  • potassium

  • calcium

  • fluoride

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12
what does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?

only allows certain molecules to enter

  • extremely small

  • hydrophobic (non-polar) molecules

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13
concentration gradient
a difference in the distribution of substances across a space
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14
solute
the substance that is being dissolved
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15
solvent
the substance in which the solute dissolves
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16
what is it called when concentration is equal inside and outside of the membrane?
  • equilibrium

  • homeostasis

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17
what are the types of active transport?
ion pumps, exocytosis and endocytosis.
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18
what are the types of passive transport?
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
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19
What are ion pumps?
Membrane-spanning proteins that allow ions to pass in/out but they require energy
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20
What is exocytosis?
a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
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21
What is endocytosis?
process by which the cell takes in materials that are too large to pass through by folding in the cell membrane.
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22
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. **DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!**
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23
What is facilitated diffusion?
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels. **DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!**
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24
What is osmosis?
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. **DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!**
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25
hypotonic
A solution that causes cell to swell (hypo - hippo)/a solution with the greater concentration of solvents
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26
hypertonic
A solution that causes cell to shrivel/a solution with the greater concentration of solutes
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27
isotonic
when the concentration of two solutions is the same
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28
equillibrium
a condition in which molecules are spread evenly(equally)
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29
Phagocytosis
process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell also called "cell eating"
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30
Pinocytosis
process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment also called "cell drinking"
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31
aquaporins
channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water
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32
permeability
how well a substance can pass through something
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33
what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?
what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?
cell: 90% H20 solution: 80% H20 water travels out the cell hyper because water is exiting the cell (causes cell to shrivel)
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34
what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?
what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?
cell: 25% solute solution: 20% solute water travels into the cell hypo because water is because water is entering the cell (causes the cell to expand
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35
what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?
what is the missing percentage? hyper, iso, or hypo? what direction does the water travel in(in or out of the cell)?
cell: : 90% H20 solution: 90% H20 water travels both in and out cell iso because both have the , water travels both ways
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36
diffusion occurs because of
random movement of particles
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37
Diffusion can be accelerated by
increasing temperature
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38
dynamic equilibrium
when materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates, there is no net change in concentration inside the cell.
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39
what is ATP and what does it stand for?
ATP- Adenosine Tri Phosphate it is an energy molecule that helps power cells
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40
what type of biomolecule is ATP
nucleic acids
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41
what is a vesicle and what makes it?
membrane bound sac made from ER and golgi apparatus
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42
what substances are transported by vesciles and do they require energy?
large substances they do require energy
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