semester 1 review-hobbs

Abraham

Founder of Judaism, was born in Ur. Wife’s name is Sarah. Son is Isaac.

Alexander the Great

Teacher was Aristotle, king of Macedonia, conquered the known world by the age of 31. Got sick and died. Founded Alexandria

Aristotle

Student of Plato, philospher. “Master of those who know.”

Thucydides

General in Peloponnesian War, fought for Athens but switched sides to Sparta. Wrote “A history of the Peloponnesian War”

Charles the Great/Charlemagne

Expanded Frankish kingdom in every direction. Used Missi Dominici, messengers of god to keep dukes in line. Saves pope and is crowned holy roman emperor

Charles Martel

Winner at Tours, Carolingian Dynasty. Was Mayor of the Palace.

Constantine

First Christian Emperor, converted by his wife. Constantinople.

Edward Gibbon

Wrote “A history of the decline and fall of the roman empire.” First to use primary sources and use footnotes.

What were Edward Gibbon’s two main arguments on the fall of the roman empire?

Lost sense of civic virtue and christianity made them pacificts

Giotto

Led the transition away from Byzantine art. Usually 3 dimensional and quarter turn.

Hannibal

Carthaginian general, very smart and was one of the greatest generals in history.

Henry VIII

Made his own Catholic Church, Church of England.

Jean Calvin

Wrote “institutes of theology” burned witches and heretic. Made Calvinism. TULIP.

Johannes Gutenberg

Invented “Gutenberg Bible” and the printing press

John Locke

Wrote “Two treaties on government.” Says there’s 3 natural rights; Life, Liberty, and Property. LLP. Property = labor.

Machiavelli

Wrote “The Prince” and “Discourses on Livy” Talks about turning away from tradition and to nature. “Teacher of Evil”

Martin Luther

Wrote “95 thesus” on door of Wittenberg church and was excommunicated because his thoughts were contary.

Muhammad

Allah’s greatest prophet and descendent of Abraham. Wrote Koran and started Islam.

Copernicus

Wrote “On the Revolutions of Celestial Spheres.” Said where sun is in the middle of the solar system. Represents turning away from tradition.

Plato

Wrote “The Republic” taught Aristotle

Rene Descartes

“Meditations on First Philosophy” made coordinate plane. “I think, therefore I am.”

Saul (Paul)

Hater, believed christianity was a new religion. Becomes greatest missionary/convert. Author than more than half of the new testament.

Simon (Peter)

“Rock” Founded Church, crucified, believed Christ was a fulfillment of Judaism.

Sir Isaac Newton

“Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica” invented calculus and discovered basic laws of motion and gravity.

Socrates

Greek philosopher who had Socrates wisdom = knowledge of the lack of knowledge

St Benedict

“The Rule of St Benedict” founder of Monastery Monte Cassino

St Simeon Stylites

extreme eremitic (monk), spends years on a column.

Thomas Hobbes

Wrote “Leviathan” state of nature/natural rights= self preservation and to determine means of self preservation. “I was born with a twin whose name was fear”

Peter I of Russia

Went on trip called “Grand Embassy” to recruit, but failed. Came back and learned how to make ships and made people read books.

Frederick the Great

7 year wars general, wanted Silesia for iron and coal.

Aristotle regimes

Every government will eventually lead to a dictatorship

The Ancient City

Futsel de Coulanges

Meditations of First Philosophy

Rene Descartes

Leviathan

Thomas Hobbes

Two Treaties on Government

John Locke

The Prince

Machiavelli

Discourses on Livy

Machiavelli

Battle of Cannae

Most tactical and famous battle; Hannibal backs up then goes forwards forming an arch to block Romans in to flank and kill them. C = Arch.

Battle of Tours

Charles Martel; fight to prevent Islamic/Muslim to spread across Europe.

Black Death

Bubonic plague that killed over ½ of Europe population.

Bourgeoisie

working class

Byzantine Art

Mary & Jesus, Halos, straight on or 90 degree profiles.

Carolingian Dynasty

Established rule in Europe, Charlemagne died it fell.

Diet of Worms

Discussing works of Martin Luther, leading to him leaving and getting saved. Marks the point where reformers worked outside the church. Regulated the procedure for the appointment of bishops and abbots in the Empire.

Feudal pyramid

The way power is organized; serfs.. freemen.. knights.. etc

Geocentric

Earth is at the center of the solar system

Visigoths

sacked rome

E. Slavs

Rusyn, Ukrains, Belarus, most important RUS

W. Slavs

Sorbs, Poles, Slovaks, Czechs, Slezans. Most important Poles and Serbs

S. Slavs

Slovenes, Croats, Bosniaks, Rumanians, and Bulgars

Balts

On the Baltic Sea, Prus, Lithuania, Latvians.

Heliocentric

Sun in center

Heresy

Belief/contrary to orthodox belief.

Humanism

Human problems or human beauty

Indulgences

Buy something to get rid of light sins to get into heaven or less time in purgatory.

Koran

Islams holy text

Lordship and vassalage

Lord was someone who controlled property; vassal is awarded land that’s known as a fief.

Medieval

Middle times

Memento Mori

Reminder of death; northern renaissance

Merovingian Dynasty

Franks, united people together, Salic Law= sharing land with inheritance, oldest gets more land.

monasticism

Go away from wickedness and world to be closer to God.

Northern Renaissance

tl;dr emo af and has darker themes also with momento mori (death)

Orthodoxy

Accepted theory, whole community of Orthodox Jews/Christians.

Protestant Reformation

Started by Martin Luther; movement through Europe to get Church to reform b/c of corruption.

Teutonic Knights

Sponsored by Hohenzollerns; sponsored a crusade that conquered Prus. Became Mercenaries after crusade.

Hohenzollerns

funded the teutonic knights!!! woo!

Ptolemaic cosmology

Geocentric

Rightly Guided Caliphs

Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali. AUUA

TULIP

Calvin’s Equation of Salvation = Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, Preservation of Saints.

Salic Law

Laws about royal succession, land split equally but oldest gets more

Shia

20% of all muslims, believed in the 12 Imams. Iran and Southern Iraq.

Sunni

80%, 4 rightly guided caliphs.

Southern Renaissance

tl;dr brighter and happier themes.