Nutrition, Metabolism and Energy Balance

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to nutrition, metabolism, and energy balance, based on the lecture notes.

Catabolic-Anabolic Steady State

A dynamic state where organic molecules are continuously broken down and rebuilt.

Absorptive State

The state lasting approximately 4 hours after eating, where anabolism exceeds catabolism.

Insulin

A hypoglycemic hormone that facilitates glucose diffusion into muscle and adipose cells.

Diabetes mellitus

A condition characterized by inadequate insulin production or abnormal insulin receptors.

Postabsorptive State

The fasting state when the GI tract is empty and energy sources are supplied by body reserves.

Glycogenolysis

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose, primarily occurring in the liver and skeletal muscles.

Gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, mainly in the liver.

Lipolysis

The breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Chylomicrons

Lipoproteins that transport triglycerides from the intestines to adipose tissue.

HDLs

High-density lipoproteins that transport excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

LDLs

Low-density lipoproteins that transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues for use in membranes.

Cholesterol

A structural component of cell membranes, bile salts, and steroid hormones, not used for energy.

Glucose sparing

The process of utilizing non-carbohydrate sources for energy to conserve glucose.

Keto acids

Intermediate compounds that amino acids are converted into for use in the citric acid cycle.

Lipoprotein lipase

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides in capillaries.

Triglycerides

Esters derived from glycerol and three fatty acids, major form of fat storage in the body.