XRAY IMAGING SYSTEM

x-ray imaging system

is to provide a controlled flow of electrons intense enough to produce an x-ray beam appropriate for imaging.

fixed

portable

T y p e s o f X - r a y M a c h i n e

operating console

is the part of the x-ray system where the radiologic technologist controls the machine.

operating console

Its function is to adjust exposure factors such as kVp, mA, and time to produce quality diagnostic images.

high-voltage generator

is the power source of the x-ray tube.

x-ray tube

is the main component where x-rays are produced

x-ray tube

It converts electrical energy into x-rays by allowing electrons to strike the anode target, producing the useful beam for imaging

operating console

high voltage generator

xray tube

3 main components of xray machine

support structure

protective housing

glass/metal enclosure

external components of xray machine

Ceiling Support System

a tube suspension mounted on the ceiling. It allows flexible movement of the x-ray tube in different directions, making positioning easier for various examinations

Floor-to-Ceiling Support System

uses a vertical column secured between the floor and ceiling. It provides stability while allowing the x-ray tube to move up and down for accurate patient positioning

C-Arm Support System

shaped like the letter “C” and can be attached to the ceiling or wall. It permits angling of the x-ray tube around the patient, which is especially useful for fluoroscopy and special imaging procedures.

Protective housing

Serves as an electrical insulator and thermal cushion for the xray tube in addition to being a high-voltage leakage connector protective device against physical damage.

Protective housing

The protective housing incorporates specially designed highvoltage receptacles to protect against accidental electric shock.

Protective housing

It provides mechanical support for the x-ray tube and protects the tube from damage caused by rough handling.

pyrex glass

Glass/Metal enclosure is made up of what

anode

cathode

internal components of xray tube

cathode

negative electrode of the x-ray tube

cathode

Supplies electrons that will be accelerated to the anode target

filament

focusing cup

parts of cathode

filament

coil of wire

thoriated tungsten

filament is made up of what

thermionic emission

When we pass current through it the coil heats and emits electrons, what does that process called

nickel

what is focusing cup made out of

focusing cup

confine electrons so they strike a small, controlled area on the anode

focusing cup

Metal shroud surrounding filament

anode

positive side of the x-ray tube

stationary

rotating

2 types of anode

stationary

type of anode where the target is embedded in the anode

rotating

type of anode where target is rotating disc

target

also known as the focal track, is the area on the anode where the electron beam impacts.

tungsten, molybdenum, rhodium

target is made of

focal spot

It is the area actually bombarded by the electron stream on th target.

Line-Focus Principle

This principle is used to create a smaller effective focal spot from a larger actual focal spot.

actual focal spot

the size of the area where the electron beam hits the anode

effective focal spot

perceived size of the focal spot when viewed from the image receptor's perspective

Anode Heel Effect

X-ray beam intensity decreases from cathode to anode due to target material attenuation.

Anode Heel Effect

Place cathode side over densest tissue for maximum penetration.

Rotor

- Copper or composite cylinder attached to the anode disc, rotates within the tube.

Stator

- Stationary electromagnetic coils outside the tube, generate a magnetic field to drive rotor rotation

Radiation

Heat radiates from the anode and the tube housing

Conduction

Heat moves from the target through the anode body to the shaft and the rotor.

Convection

Heat is carried away from the tube housing by circulating air or oil

raditaion

conduction

convection

heat dissipation mechanism

R e c t i f i e r s

Devices that allow current to flow in only one direction.

line compensation

kvp selector

exposure timer

mas

ma selector

operating console functions