Genitourinary Acute Kidney Disease and Related Conditions

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to Acute Kidney Disease, Glomerulonephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome, and Renal Calculi, including symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic tests, treatments, and complications.

Acute Kidney Disease (AKD)

Characterized by a rapid decrease in GFR leading to azotemia and fluid/electrolyte imbalance.

Oliguria

A significant decrease in urine output, often a symptom of kidney dysfunction.

Risk Factors (R/F) for AKI

Age, pre-existing conditions, surgical procedures, medications, sepsis, dehydration.

Diagnostic Tests for AKI

Blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies used to diagnose acute kidney injury.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli, the kidneys' tiny filtering units, which can be primary or secondary.

Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis

Hematuria, oliguria, edema, hypertension, azotemia.

Hypertensive Encephalopathy

A complication of nephritic syndrome characterized by severe hypertension affecting brain function.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A collection of symptoms caused by damage to the glomeruli, including proteinuria and severe edema.

Serum Creatinine

A blood test used to assess kidney function by measuring the level of creatinine in the blood.

Renal Calculi

Hard masses that form in the kidneys, also known as kidney stones or nephrolithiasis.

Pain Management for Renal Calculi

Medical treatment aimed at alleviating pain associated with kidney stones.

Complications of Nephritic Syndrome

Can include hypertensive encephalopathy and chronic kidney disease.

Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio

A diagnostic test used to evaluate kidney function and protein excretion.