marine biology

Egyptians

earliest recorded sea voyage

phoenicians

the first accomplished western navigators

pacific Islanders (polynesians)

these people had been moving easily among islands off the coast of south East Asia and Indonesia since 3000 B.C.E and were beginning the mid pacific islands

Greeks

they begin to explore outside the Mediterranean into the Atlantic ocean around 900-700 B.C.E.

Vikings

longes ranging European vessels extant and they were ahead of their time and discovered Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland and Canada

Chinese

They realized Earth had been shaped by sedimentation, rock formation, uplift and erosion over great spans of time

columbus

new route to Asia discovered USA

vespucci

realized that America wasn’t part of Asia

Balboa

discovered the pacific oceans

magellan drake

first to sail around the world

Maury

father of oceanography and found out how to calculate ocean currents and winds

Cook

included naturalists and the 1st to use the chronometer

Darwin

Came up with the natural selection theory and studied atolls, plankton and barnacles

Challenger

First major exploration devoted to the study of marine organisms

-sediment and water samples

-depth soundings

wikes

commanded the U.S. first exploratory

Challenger 2

discovered the deepest point and trench

bathysphere

the first deep sea submarine that carries people deep into the ocean

bathyscaphe

a submarine vessel made to withstand extreme pressure so you can go deep in the ocean

submersibles/Alvin

a deep ocean research submarine made for the USA Navy

Rovs

A remotely operated vehicle used for ocean exploration

Self contained underwater breathing apparatus

portable breathing gas so dives can breath also called scuba

Aquarius

works to understand our changing ocean and the condition of coral reef

Thermometer

used to measure temperature

hydrometer

device used to measure salt

Refractometer

bends light waves, works on the principles of refraction

seine net

fishing net that employs seine that hangs vertically in the water

purse-seine net

a large wall of netting used to encircle an entire school of fish

cast net

a circular fishing net with weights around the edge

long line fishing

a commercial fishing method that uses a long main line with a baited hook attached at intervals

plankton net

cone shaped net, used for collecting samples of plankton

Bottom trawler

a fishing vessel that uses a long net to catch fish on the seafloor

dredge

a device made to remove material at the bottom of the floor

secchi disc

used to measure turbidity (how deep a person can see in the water)