History Industrialization & Agricultural Revolution Minor Review

Industrial Revolution

A period beginning in the mid-1700s characterized by the transition from hand-made goods to machine production, significantly increasing manufacturing and economic activity.

Agricultural Revolution

A significant period of agricultural development that increased food production, leading to population growth and a subsequent surge in demand for industrial goods.

Enclosure Movement

An English 18th-century process of privatizing common land, leading to increased agricultural efficiency and the displacement of small farmers.

Population Growth

An increase in population due to improved living conditions and food supply during the Industrial Revolution, resulting in urban migration for factory labor.

Factors of Production

Essential resources including land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship needed for producing goods and driving industrial growth.

Textile Industry

A key sector of the Industrial Revolution that mechanized the production of clothing and fabrics, leading to increased availability and lower prices.

Steam Engine

An essential innovation that provided a new source of power for factories and transportation, facilitating industrial growth.

George Stephenson’s Rocket

The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive that revolutionized the transportation of goods and people during the Industrial Revolution.

Urbanization

The rapid growth of cities driven by rural migration for industrial jobs, significantly transforming social structures and living conditions.

Child Labour

A widespread issue during the Industrial Revolution involving the employment of children in factories under appalling conditions.

Factory Act of 1819

UK legislation that limited working hours for children and sought to improve labor conditions in factories.

Cholera

A contagious disease that spread due to poor sanitary conditions in rapidly urbanizing areas during the Industrial Revolution.

Selective Breeding

A technique from the Agricultural Revolution that improved crop yields by allowing farmers to choose specific plants and animals for desired traits.

Spinning Jenny

An important invention by James Hargreaves that allowed one worker to operate multiple spools of thread at once, increasing yarn production.

Flying Shuttle

A weaving innovation by John Kay that allowed weavers to produce wider fabrics more efficiently, boosting textile production.

Enclosure Movement

A process where wealthy landowners privatized common lands leading to increased farming efficiency and the displacement of small farmers.

Power Loom

An invention by Edmund Cartwright that accelerated the weaving process in the textile industry, increasing production efficiency.

Mary Barton

A novel by Elizabeth Gaskell depicting the struggles of the working class during the Industrial Revolution.

Economic Growth

The expansion of the economy driven by industrialization, resulting in job creation and broader markets.

Natural Resources

Abundant resources in England such as coal, iron ore, and water that facilitated the country's industrialization.

Innovations in Farming

Improvements like crop rotation and the seed drill which contributed to enhanced agricultural productivity and food supply.