nobel prize winners

uil lit crit: nobel prize winners if the year is not there, no one was awarded a prize that year also there are some years that awarded two recipients

1901

Sully Prudhomme; poet, belonged to French Parnassian school, combined formal perfection with interest in science and philosophy

1902

Christian Mommsen; wrote A history of Rome

1903

Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson; wrote poetry, drama, lyrical poetry, wrote musical version of poem “Ja, vi elsker dette landet”

1904

Frederic Mistral; poet, wrote Miréio, Trésor dóu Félibrige (dictionary of Provencal language)

José Echegaray; playwright, mathematician, engineer and administrator

1905

Henryk Sienkiewicz; best known for his epic historical novels, wrote trilogy With Fire and Sword, The Deluge, and Fire in the Steppe

1906

Giosuè Carducci; poet, wrote Rime, was an atheist whose criticism of Christianity is most prominently showcased in the provocative poem “Hymn to Satan”

1907

Rudyard Kipling; English poet, short story writer, journalist and novelist, wrote The Jungle Book

1908

Rudolf Eucken; major works are Main Currents of Modern Thoughts and Individual and Society

1909

Selma Lagerlöf; wrote Gösta Berling's Saga

1910

Paul Heyse; wrote short stories, novels, poetry, plays, and translated Italian plays, most well known novella is L’Arrabiata

1911

Maurice Maeterlinck; wrote dramas and poetry, puppets

1912

Gerhart Hauptmann; wrote dramas, novels, wrote Before Dawn, “The Fool in Christ, Emanuel Quint”

1913

Rabindranath Tagore; poet, lyricist, playwright

1915

Romain Rolland; wrote essay titled “The People’s Theatre”, wrote novel The Soul Enchanted, coined the term “roman-fleuve” (river-novel)

1916

Verner von Heidenstam; debut poetry collection titled Vallfart och vandringsår (Pilgrimage: The Wander Years) and short story collection Karolinerna (The Charles Men)

1917

Henrik Pontoppidan; wrote the Lucky Per

Karl Gjellerup; wrote An Idealist, A Description of Epigonus; Minna; and The Pilgrim Kamanita

1919

Carl Spitteler; poet, author, wrote the epic Olympian Spring, wrote novel Imago

1920

Knut Hamsun; Growth of the Soil

1921

Anatole France; wrote Le Crime de Sylvestre Bonnard (1881), Le Petit Pierre (1918)

1922

Jacinto Benavente; Spanish playwright

1923

William Butler Yeats; Irish poet/playwright

1924

Wladyslaw Reymont; wrote The Peasants

1925

George Bernard Shaw; belonged to Fabian Society, wrote the play, Pygmalion (1912)

1926

Grazia Deledda; wrote Fior de Sardegna

1927

Henri Bergson; French philosopher, wrote In Time and Free Will, and Creative Evolution

1928

Sigrid Undset; Norwegian novelist, best known for Kristin Lavransdatter

1929

Thomas Mann; wrote Buddenbrooks

1930

Sinclair Lewis; English novelist, poet, and playwright, most well known for novels Main Street (1920) and It Can’t Happen Here (1936)

1931

Erik Axel Karlfeldt; Swedish poet

1932

John Galsworthy; English playwright/novelist, most known for The Forsyte Saga series

1933

Ivan Bunin; Russian poet/translator, wrote Derevnya (1910), The Village, and Sukhodol (1912)

1934

Luigi Pirandello; Italian novelist, playwright, and writer, wrote metaplay “Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore” (Six Characters in Search of an Author)

1936

Eugene O’Neill; American playwright, won three Pulitzer Prizes before this award, wrote Beyond the Horizon (1920), and Long Day’s Journey into Night

1937

Roger Martin du Gard; French writer, wrote Jean Barois, and The Thibaults

1938

Pearl Buck; wrote “East Wind, West Wind”, The Good Earth, Son, and A House DIvided

1939

Frans Eemil Sillanpaa; Finnish novelist, wrote Life and Sun, and Meek Heritage

1944

Johannes V. Jensen; Danish

1945

Gabriela Mistral; Spanish, influenced by modernist movement, wrote “Desolcion”, “Tenura”, and “Tala”, South America’s first ever Nobel Laureate in Literature

1946

Hermann Hesse; German,wrote Steppenwolf, “and The Glass Bead Game”

1947

Andre Gide; French prose writer/literary critic/translator, wrote Les Faux Monnayeurs (The Counterfeiters)

1948

T.S. Eliot; English poet, wrote “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, “The Waste Land”, “The Hollow Men”, and “Ash Wednesday”

1949

William Faulkner; American poet/novelist, wrote “The Sound and the Fury”

1950

Bertrand Russell; English philosopher

1951

Par Lagerkvist; Swedish poet/playwright/novelist, wrote “Ordkonst och bildkonst” (Verbal Art and Pictorial Art”, “Dvargen”, “Barabbas”, and “Sibyllan”

1952

Francois Mauriac; French poet/playwright/novelist, wrote Les Mains jointes (Clasped Hands)

1953

Winston Churchill; English, wrote an autobiography about his time as an officer/war correspondent

1954

Ernest Hemingway; American, wrote “In Our Time”, “The Sun Also Rises”, and “A Farewell to Arms”

1955

Halldor Laxness; Icelandic novelist/poet/journalist, wrote “Salka Valka: a Novel of Iceland”

1956

Juan Ramon Jimenez; Spanish poet/literary critic/editor, wrote “Almas de violeta (Souls of Violet)”, “Diario de un poeta recien casado (Diary of a Newley-Wed Poet)”

1957

Albert Camus; French novelist/playwright/journalist, wrote “L’etranger (The Stranger)”, “Le mythe de Sisyphe (The Myth of Sisyphus)”, “La Chute”, and" “The First Man”

1958

Boris Pasternak; Russian poet, wrote “Sestra moya- zhizn (My Sister - Life)”

1959

Salvatore Quasimodo; Italian poet, founded the publication Nuovo giornale letterario

1960

Saint-John Perse; French poet, wrote “Eloges and Other Poems”, “Anabase”, and “Exile and Other Poems”

1961

Ivo Andric; Serbo-Croatian poet, wrote “The Bridge on the Drina” a historical epic

1962

John Steinbeck; American, wrote “Of Mice and Men”, “The Grapes of Wrath”, “East of Eden”, and “The Pearl”

1963

Giorgos Seferis; Greek poet, wrote “Turning Point”, “Mythistorema”, and “Imerologio Katastromatos I-III”

1964

Jean-Paul Sartre; French philosopher/playwright, wrote “Nausee (Nausea)”, a play “Huis Clos (No Exit)”, “Les Mouches (The Flies)”, and “Les Mots (The Words)”

1965

Mikhail Sholokhov; Russian, wrote Tikhii Don (And Quiet Flows the Don), and “Don cycle, Podnyataya Tselina (Virgin Soil Upturned)”

1966

Shmuel Agnon; Israeli, wrote Hebrew fiction like “The Bridal Canopy” and “A City and the Fullness Thereof”

Nelly Sachs; Swedish poet

1967

Miguel Angel Asturias; Spanish, wrote “The President”, “Viento Fuerte (Strong Wind)”, and “El Papa Verde (The Green Pope)”

1968

Yasunari Kawabata; Japanese, wrote “Izu no odoriko (Izu dancer)”, the novel Yukiguni (Snow Country), and Yama no Oto

1969

Samuel Beckett; English/French whose writing was most influenced by his experiences during WWII, wrote the drama Waiting for Godot

1970

Alexandr Solzhenitsyn; Russian, wrote “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”

1971

Pablo Neruda; Spanish poet, wrote “Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair”

1972

Heinrich Boll; German novelist, wrote about his experiences during WWII, wrote “Stranger, Bear Word to the Spartans We…”, “The Train was on Time”

1973

Patrick White; Australian novelist/playwright, wrote “Happy Valley”, and “The Tree of Man”

1974

Eyvind Johnson; Swedish, wrote “The Four Strangers”, “Romansviten om Olof (The Novel about Olof)”

Harry Martinson; Swedish poet/prosaist, wrote the Aniara poetry collection

1975

Eugenio Montale; Italian poet, wrote “Ossi di seppia (Cuttlefish Bones)”

1976

Saul Bellow; American writer/literary critic; wrote novel “Dangling Man”, and “The Adventures of Augie March”

1977

Vicente Aleixandre; Spanish poet inspired by surrealism, wrote “Ambito (Ambit)” and “Sombre del paraiso (Shadow of Paradise)”

1978

Isaac Bashevis Singer; Yiddish writer, wrote “Af der elter (In Old Age)”, “In My Father’s Court”

1979

Odysseus Elytis; Greek poet influenced by surrealism and traditional Greek literature, most prominent work is “Axion esti (It Is Worthy)”

1980

Czeslaw Milosz; Polish poet, wrote “Poemat o czasie zastyglym (Poem of the Frozen Time), and “The Captive Mind”

1981

Elias Canetti; German writer, wrote the novel “Die Blendung (The Deception)” and the book “Masse und Macht (Crowds and Power)”

1982

Gabriel Garcia Marquez; Mexican novelist, wrote “Cien anos de soledad (One Hundred Years of Solitude)”, “The Autumn of the Patriarch”, and “Love in the Time of Cholera”

1983

William Golding; English poet, wrote Lord of the Flies

1984

Jaroslav Seifert; Czech poet, wrote “Mesto v slzach (City in Tears)”

1985

Claude Simon; French novelist, wrote the novel “Le Tricheur (The Cheat)”, “La Route des Flandres (The Road to Flanders)”

1986

Wole Soyinka; Nigerian playwright

1987

Joseph Brodsky; Russian poet, wrote “Chast’ rechi (A Part of Speech)”

1988

Naguib Mahfouz; Egyptian

1989

Camilo Jose Cela; Spanish writer/magazine editor, wrote “La Familia de Pascual Duarte” and “La Colmena”

1990

Octavio Paz; Mexican poet, wrote “El Laberinto de la soledad (The Labyrinth of Solitude)”

1991

Nadine Gordimer; South African novelist/essayist

1992

Derek Walcott; West Indian poet/playwright, wrote “In a Green Night”, “Omeros”; work dealt with Caribbean history

1993

Toni Morrison; American writer, wrote “The Bluest Eye”, “Song of Solomon”, and “Beloved”

1994

Kenzaburo Oe; Japanese writer, wrote “A Personal Matter”, “Hiroshima Notes”; works are inspired by aftermath of WWII and his son

1995

Seamus Heaney; Irish poet

1996

Wislawa Szymborska; Polish poet who explored existential questions

1997

Dario Fo; Italian political playrwright/social satirist, wrote plays “Death of an Anarchist” and “We Won’t Pay, We Won’t Pay!”

1998

Jose Saramago; Portuguese author, wrote novels “Baltasar”, “Blindness” and “Blimunda”; frequently used allegories

1999

Gunter Grass; German writer

2000

Gao Xingjian; Chinese writer/playwright/painter, wrote novel “Soul Mountain”

2001

V.S. Naipaul; British author, wrote “A House for Mr. Biswas”

2002

Imre Kertesz; Hungarian journalist/translator/writer, wrote “Fateless”

2003

J.M. Coetzee; South African author/literary critic, wrote novel “Dusklands”, “Waiting for the Barbarians”,

2004

Elfriede Jelinek; Austrian poet/proaist, wrote novel “The Piano Teacher” and “Lust”, has social phobia

2005

Harold Pinter; English drama writer

2006

Orhan Pamuk; Turkish writer, wrote novel “Cevdet Bey”, “His Sons”, and “My Name Is Red”

2007

Doris Lessing; British author, wrote “The Golden Notebook”