Cleft Lip and Palate Flashcards

Flashcards about cleft lip and palate

What percentage of all anomalies affecting the head and neck is comprised of cleft lip and palate (CLP)?

65 percent

What is the approximate occurrence rate of cleft lip and palate amongst Caucasians?

Approximately 1 in every 700 live births or 0.42/1000 live births

What percentage of cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate have a family history?

Around 40 percent

When does the fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes occur during normal development?

Around the sixth week of intra-uterine life

When does the ‘flip-up’ of the palatal shelves occur, followed by fusion to form the secondary palate?

Around the eighth week of intra-uterine life

Name four aetiology or risk factors associated with cleft lip and palate.

Smoking, Alcohol, Anti-convulsant drugs, and Folic acid deficiency

List the potential feeding problems associated with cleft lip and/or palate.

Fatigue due to excessive energy exerted during feeding, poor weight gain due to inadequate nutritional intake, excessive air intake, and nasal regurgitation

What is the impact of velopharyngeal insufficiency on speech development in individuals with cleft lip and/or palate?

It adversely affects speech development because the soft palate cannot make adequate contact with the back of the pharynx to close off the nasal airway.

What hearing problems are associated with cleft palate and why?

The Eustachian tube is usually closed, resulting in accumulating fluid in the middle ear, which can retard a child’s speech development.

What dental arch characteristics are associated with unilateral cleft lip and palate?

Segmentation of the dental arch into lesser and greater segments

What dental arch characteristics are associated with bilateral clefts?

Lateral segments are often collapsed behind a prominent premaxilla.

What are the most common congenital abnormalities associated with cleft lip and/or palate?

Anomalies affecting the heart and extremities

List four dental anomalies associated with cleft lip and/or palate.

Delayed eruption, Hypodontia, Microdontia and abnormalities of tooth shape, and Enamel defects

What is the impact of surgical repair on facial growth in individuals with cleft lip and palate?

It exhibits marked restriction of mid-face growth antero-posteriorly and transversely.

List five members of the multidisciplinary team involved in the management of cleft lip and palate.

Nurse, Cleft/plastic surgeon, Speech therapist, ENT, Maxillofacial surgeon, Psychologist, Orthodontist, GDP & prosthodontist

At what age is surgical repair of cleft lip usually carried out?

Between 3 and 6 months of age

At what age is repair of cleft palate normally undertaken?

Between 6-9 months or 9-12 months of age

When does speech assessment typically start for children with cleft palate?

By the age of 2 years

At what age is alveolar or secondary bone grafting typically carried out?

Around 8–10 years of age

List three benefits of alveolar or secondary bone grafting.

Provision of bone through which the permanent canine (or lateral incisor) can erupt into the arch; Providing an intact arch; Improved alar base support;

What appliance is used to expand the collapsed maxillary arch and create surgical access prior to graft placement?

A W arch or a quadhelix appliance

What percentage of CLP patients require orthognathic surgery?

25 percent

When should orthognathic surgery be deferred?

Until the growth has been completed

What is the most important thing in the management of cleft lip and palate?

Being able to audit the treatment progress among the different disciplines involved in care provision