Urinary System

kidney

filters blood and makes urine

ureter

tube from the kidney to the bladder

urinary bladder

stores urine

urethra

tube from the bladder to the outside

nephron

functional unit of the kidney

glomerulus

capillary tuft that filters blood

Bowman capsule

cup around the glomerulus

renal cortex

outer layer of the kidney

renal medulla

inner region of the kidney

renal pelvis

collects urine in the kidney

filtration

movement of fluid and waste from blood into the nephron

reabsorption

return of useful substances to the blood

micturition

urination

void

to empty the bladder

urea

nitrogen waste in urine

creatinine

waste used to test kidney function

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

renin

kidney enzyme that raises blood pressure

erythropoietin

kidney hormone that stimulates red cell production

dysuria

painful urination

hematuria

blood in the urine

oliguria

scanty urine

anuria

no urine

polyuria

excessive urine

nocturia

urination at night

enuresis

bedwetting

incontinence

inability to control urine

urinary retention

inability to empty the bladder

pyuria

pus in the urine

proteinuria

protein in the urine

glycosuria

sugar in the urine

ketonuria

ketones in the urine

azotemia

excess nitrogen waste in the blood

uremia

toxic waste in the blood from kidney failure

renal colic

severe pain from a kidney stone

UTI

urinary tract infection

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra

pyelonephritis

kidney infection

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli

nephrolithiasis

kidney stones

hydronephrosis

swelling of the kidney with urine

renal failure

loss of kidney function

polycystic kidney disease

inherited disease with many kidney cysts

nephroptosis

drooping kidney

Wilms tumor

childhood kidney tumor

urinalysis

laboratory test of urine

cystoscopy

visual exam of the bladder

IVP

radiographic study of the urinary tract

catheterization

inserting a tube to drain the bladder

lithotripsy

crushing of stones

nephrectomy

removal of a kidney

cystectomy

removal of the bladder

hemodialysis

filtering the blood with a machine

peritoneal dialysis

filtering blood using the abdominal lining

kidney transplant

placing a donor kidney

diuretic

drug that increases urine output

nephrology

study of the kidney

urology

study of the urinary tract