CHEM 1A - Solubility Rules, Dissociation Rules, Oxidation # Rules

Rule 1

All IA and ammonium are soluble, no exceptions

Rule 2

Nitrates, nitrates, acetates, CLO_x, IO_3 are soluble, no exceptions

Rule 3

chlorides, bromides, iodides are soluble, except Cu+, Ag+, Au+, [Hg2]2+, and Pb2+

Rule 4

Sulfates are soluble except Cu+, Ag+, Au+, [Hg2]2+, Pb2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ra2+

Rule 5

sulfides are insoluble except IA, IIA, and NH4

Rule 6 (CareFul, Silly Soul Crow!)

carbonates, phosphates, silicates, sulfites, and chromates are insoluble except IA and NH4

Rule 7

Hydroxides are insoluble except 1A, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ra2+, and NH4OH (but it doesn’t dissociate)

Dissociation rule for Acids

All acids are soluble, but only strong acids dissociate

strong acids (So I Brought No Clean Clothes, 4-3-4)

HSO4, HI, HBr, HNO3, HCl, HClO4

Dissociation rule for bases

all soluble bases dissociate (except NH4OH)

Dissociation rule for salts

all soluble salts dissociate

oxidation number rule for elements

elements = 0

oxidation number rule for monatomic ions

monatomic ions = charge on ion

oxidation number rule for oxygen

oxygen = -2 (except peroxide = -1)

oxidation number rule for hydrogen

hydrogen = +1 (except hydride = -1)

oxidation number rule for fluorine

fluorine = -1