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Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
A business management system that integrates all functions of the enterprise, such as manufacturing, sales, finance, marketing, inventory, accounting, and human resources. ERP systems are software applications that provide the data necessary for the enterprise to examine and manage its activities.
Data warehouse
An integrated decision support database whose content is derived from the various operational databases.
Database application
An application program (or set of related programs) that is used to perform a series of database activities (create, read, update, and delete) on behalf of database users.
Data independence
The separation of data descriptions from the application programs that use the data.
Data modeling and design tools
Software tools that provide automated support for creating data models.
Repository
A centralized knowledge base of all data definitions, data relationships, screen and report formats, and other system components.
Enterprise data modeling
The first step in database development, in which the scope and general contents of organizational databases are specified.
Conceptual schema
A detailed, technology-independent specification of the overall structure of organizational data.
Physical schema
Specifications for how data from a logical schema are stored in a computer's secondary memory by a database management system.
Prototyping
An iterative process of systems development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continually revised through close work between analysts and users.
Project
A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end.
Database
An organized collection of logically related data.
structured data
Stored representations of meaningful objects and event: numbers, text, dates
unstructured data
Stored Representation of meaningful objects and events: images, video, documents.
Data
Stored representations of objects and events that have meaning and importance in the user's environment.
Information
Data that have been processed in such a way as to increase the knowledge of the person who uses the data.
Metadata
Data that describe the properties or characteristics of end-user data and the context of those data.
Data models
Graphical systems used to capture the nature and relationships among data.
Entity
A person, a place, an object, an event, or a concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data.
Relational database
A database that represents data as a collection of tables in which all data relationships are represented by common values in related tables.
Database management system (DBMS)
A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to user databases.
User View
A logical description of some portion of the database that is required by a user to perform some task.
Constraint
A rule that cannot be violated by database users.
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems.
Logical schema
The representation of a database for a particular data management technology.
Agile software development
An approach to database and software development that emphasizes "individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and response to change over following a plan."
Data lake
A large integrated repository for internal and external data that does not follow a predefined schema.
