Clinical Exam 2

Flashcards created to review key concepts from the Exam #2 Study Guide.

What is the Scope of Practice of an Audiologist?

Diagnose and create treatment plans for hearing loss and balance disorders, conduct research, provide screenings, and offer support in educational settings.

What is the Scope of Practice of an Audiologist Assistant?

Work under the supervision of an audiologist, perform hearing screenings, provide assistance, and help record data.

What can SLPs treat?

Communication disorders, including speech, language, feeding, and fluency disorders.

What is the role of an SLP-A?

Works under supervision of an SLP, assists and delivers therapy services, helps with data collection.

Who can complete assessments?

Both SLPs and Audiologists.

Who can write treatment plans?

SLPs and Audiologists.

What does SOAP stand for?

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.

What is the Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC)?

Awarded by ASHA, shows that the individual has met educational and clinical standards.

What are the educational requirements for SLPs?

At least a master’s degree in speech-language pathology, 1,260 hours of clinical fellowship, and passing the Praxis.

What are the educational requirements for Audiologists?

At least a doctorate in audiology, an externship, and passing the Praxis.

What is ASHA?

American Speech-Language Hearing Association, the national professional organization for SLPs and audiologists.

How many observation hours are needed before direct contact?

25 hours of observation.

What is the difference between professional and personal ethics?

Professional ethics guide behavior in the workplace, while personal ethics refer to individual moral beliefs and values.

How are SLPs most often paid?

Through reimbursement from insurance or government programs, salaries, hourly, or contracted based pay.

Who provides the Code of Ethics for SLPs and Audiologists?

ASHA for SLPs and AAA (American Academy of Audiology) for audiologists.

Why should SLPs know how to read audiograms?

To assess a patient's hearing abilities, crucial for diagnosing and treating speech and language disorders.

What is the auditory skills hierarchy?

Detection, Discrimination, Identification, Comprehension.

What is listening age?

The length of time a child has had clear access through hearing technology.

What is developmental age?

The level of functioning or skills typically expected at a certain age, based on developmental milestones.

What is continuing education?

30 hours across 3 years required for professionals to stay updated on advances in their field.

What is diagnosis?

A clinical decision as to whether a disorder is present.

What is prognosis?

A statement on how the clinician anticipates the client will do in therapy.

What is a screening?

A short evaluation to gather initial information and determine if more testing is needed.

What is the difference between formal and informal tests?

Formal tests are standardized assessments while informal tests are flexible, often based on observation.

What is HIPAA?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act that protects client confidentiality.

What does a language assessment include?

Case history, parent interview, hearing screening, oral mechanism exam, spontaneous language sample, parent questionnaire, and standardized testing.

What is a conflict of interest?

When personal, financial, or professional interests interfere with one's ability to act in the best interest of clients.

What is a standard score?

A score calculated from a raw score transformed to a common scale with a mean and standard deviation.

What is a percentile rank?

A score indicating the percentage of individuals scoring at or below a given score.

What are speech samples and why are they useful?

Recordings or transcripts of spoken language used to assess communication skills.

What is the importance of writing long term goals?

To have clear objectives for therapy sessions that guide treatment.

What is the difference between clinician-directed and client-directed therapy?

Clinician-directed therapy is structured by the therapist, while client-directed therapy empowers the client in communication.

Why might EI for language skills differ from older treatment methods?

Young children's rapid language development and influence of early experiences require developmentally appropriate interventions.

What are multidisciplinary teams?

Teams where professionals evaluate clients individually and submit findings for recommendations.

What is intelligibility?

How understandable a child's speech is to a listener.

What is stimulability?

The ability of a child to imitate sounds in different contexts.

What is an inventory of speech sounds?

A record of phonemes, sound combinations, articulation positions, and speech sound errors a child produces.

What are articulation treatment techniques?

Methods like using mirrors, gestures, amplification, tactile feedback, and metaphors to aid speech.

What is the core vocabulary approach?

Focuses on whole-word production during articulation treatment.

What is the cycles approach?

Targets the normal progression of phonological development in therapy.

What are SMART goals?

Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

What is the difference between articulation and phonological disorders?

Articulation disorders involve speech sound production errors; phonological disorders involve difficulties with sound organization and rules.

What are syllable structure patterns?

Error patterns where children change the syllabic structure of words.

What is the Metaphon Therapy approach?

Teaches phonological structure awareness by contrasting sound properties.

What are the components of an IEP?

Present levels, annual goals, services, accommodations, and participation.

What is Medicaid?

A government program providing healthcare coverage for low-income individuals.

What does IDEA cover?

Ensures children with disabilities receive FAPE tailored to their needs.

What is emotional intelligence (EQ)?

The ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and understand others' emotions.

What are executive functions?

Cognitive processes that facilitate goal-directed behavior such as planning and problem-solving.

What is vocational rehabilitation?

A program that helps people with disabilities gain employment opportunities.

What is the primary difference in K-12 vs. higher education goals?

K-12 education aims for a comprehensive foundation, while higher education focuses on specialized learning.

What is Response to Intervention (RTI)?

A framework for providing targeted support to students based on their needs.

What is the definition of pragmatics?

Social rules governing language use in different contexts.

What is cluttering?

Rapid and disorganized speech with poor articulation and self-monitoring.

What are predictive factors for stuttering persistence?

Family history, severity, age of onset, and presence of language disorders.

What are cochlear implants used for?

To treat severe to profound hearing loss when hearing aids are ineffective.

What are the five pillars of reading?

Phonemic awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, Comprehension.

How do spoken and written language connect?

Spoken language provides the foundation for reading and writing.

What is the Orton-Gillingham approach?

A multi-sensory approach to teaching literacy.

What techniques help manage sensory sensitivities in behavior management?

Modifying sensory environments to reduce irritations and support better behavior.

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

A method to improve behavior using principles of behavior science.