Infectious and inflammatory bone and joint disease

dominant during growth and development the bone undergoes the shaping process this is considered __________

modeling

Typically triggered by damage and occurs as sequential actions during the adult stage this is considered _________

remodeling

Control of bone modeling is determined by the balance between what 3 components

• Rank

• Rank-L

• OPG

Rank is present on immature ________ and when bound to Rank -L it will initiate bone resorption

osteoclasts

In order to prevent constant bone resorption ________ binds to Rank-L to prevent it from activating the osteoclasts

OPG

Osteoclasts secrete ______ and _____ which aid in dissolving the mineral component of the bone matrix known as __________

• hydrogen

• cathepsin K

• hydroxyapatite

cathepsin k is a _________ which aids it in breaking down collagen

collagenase

Secretion of hydrogen and cathepsin k is completed when the ________ undergoes apoptosis

osteoclasts

The balance between load rate and bone adaptaiton is known as ______

Wolff’s law

weakening of bone occurs because _________ is more rapid than osteoblastic activity

osteoclastic

use of ___________ allows us to visualize sites of active bone remodeling

nuclear scintigraphy

what inflammatory bone pathology exists

• stress related subchondral bone injury

• stress related cortical bone injury

Inflammation of bone to microbial infection is known as ________

osteomyelitis

an acute osteomyelitis infection does no have ________ but a chronic one will

osteonecrosis

label the distributions of osteonecrosis possible with chronic osteomyelitis present

1. medullary

2. superficial

3. localized

4. diffuse

what are factors associated with the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis

• virulence of the organism

• immune status of patient

• comorbidities

• type of bone

• presence of foreign body

Destruction of bone by osteolysis of organisms in infectious bone pathology can be done in two ways what are they?

• direct

• indirect

Direct osteolysis is done by the ____________ and indirect is done by the _______ pathway

• organism

• natural

What is the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis

1. organism adheres to extracellular matrix

2. ahesins lock it in

3. a mix of enzymes break down the matrix

4. microorganism avoids host defenses

What are sources of bone infection

• hematogenous sources

• traumatic source

• iatrogenic source

Hematogenous osteomyelitis is concurrent with what in neonates?

• failure of passive transfer

• Respiratory or GI infection

Infection associated with the synovial membrane is an ________ infection

S type

Infection localized to the long bone physis is an ________ infection

P type

Infection associated with epiphyseal complex and can result in secondary synovial infections is an ________ infection

E type

Infection associated osteomyelitis and cuboidal bones of tarsus/carpus is an ________ infection

T type

What organisms are common in causing septic arthritis in foals

• Staph and strep

• E.coli and klebsiella

What clinical signs would you see in an animal with infectious joint disease

• variable degree of lameness

• effusion

• fever

• sensitivity/thickening to palpation

a 1-3 week old will most likely have what type of infections

S and E types

any animal greater than 3 weeks old will typically have a _________ infection localized to one joint

P type

Ct is better in the ________ for diagnosing joint disease

upper limb

a piece of necrotic bone that recieves no blood yet is stuck in the body is known as a __________

sequestrum

What are the 3 parts of a sequestrum

• sequestrum

• involucrum

• cloaca

New bone trying to form around the sequestrum is known as the _______

involucrum

the opening of the sequestrum where fluid will drain is known as the ________

cloaca