Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
T/F dental scaling and oral surgeries can cause bacteremia?
True
Describe bacteremia caused by dental scaling and oral surgeries?
Healthy immune systems can take care of it
Most dental work are all clean-contaminated
When should you need antimicrobials to prevent post-op infections whith oral surgery?
Severe periodontal dz
Osteomyelitis
Orla inflammatory dz
Oronasal fistulas
When do you need to use antimicrobials to combat bacteremia after oral surgery?
Immunosuppressed or splenectomized
Some cardiac conditions
Severe liver or renal dz
Recent prosthetic placement
What drugs are good choices for dental dz?
Clindamycin
What is the MOA of clindamycin
Bacteriostatic concentrating in wbcs to reach the site of infeciton
What is the spectrum of clindamycin?
Gram positive bacteria and anaerobes
What are the adverse effects of clinamycin?
vomiting, diarrhea, esophageal lesions, alter GI flora
What drugs are a good choice for dental disease?
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
What is the spectrum of amoxicillin-clavulanate?
Gram+
Some gram -
Anaerobes
Aerobes
Why is bacterial gastritis rare?
Acid in the stomach can kill most bacteria
What are the main food born pathogens?
Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella
T/F food pathogens are rare to see in dogs and cats?
True
What should you do for most gastritis cases?
Nothing, it usually resolves in a few days without therapy
What is helicobacter?
Gram negative genus that can survive in the stomach
Produces urease to raise stomach pH
How do you diagnose helicobacter?
Gastroscopy and cytology/histopath
What is the protocol for helicobacter?
Triple antimicrobial
Amoxicillin
Metronidazole
Clarithromycin
Describe campylobacter
Gram-negative microaerophilic bacteria
What does campylobacter cause?
Bloody diarrhea in puppies (confirm with PCR)
What is the #1 cause of bacterial diarrhea in people?
Campylobacter (ZOONOTIC FROM DOGS)
How can you increase the zoonotic risk of campylobacter?
Taking PPIs
T/F antimicrobials help diarrhea from campylobacter?
False (unknown)
What should you do if a pet has campylobacter?
Probably nothing as it should resolve in about a week with or without antimicrobial therapy. If the puppy is very sick or immunosuppressed then treat
What are the main choices for campylobacter treatment?
Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Tylosin
Why do we use antimicrobials for parvovirus?
Prophylactic bacterial treatment for parvo puppies to prevent concurrent infections with parvovirus because parvovirus targets bone marrow
How should we administer antimicrobials with parvo?
IV
What is the empirical choice of antibiotic for parvovirus?
Unasyn
What causes AHDS acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome?
Microbiome dysbiosis, bacterial toxin production, dietary indiscretion
What are the C/S of AHDS?
Severe, acute, bloody diarrhea in dogs
Very hypovolemic
How do you diagnose AHDS (acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome)?
C/S and a high PCV
Fecal cytology with a mixed population of bacteria
How do we treat AHDS?
IV fluids with recovery in 24-72 hours
When should we treat AHDS with antimicrobials?
Signs of SIRS/sepsis
Concern for bacterial translocation
What antimicrobial do we use for AHDS?
Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn) IV
Metronidazole
Should you prescribe antibiotics if a client comes in with a dog that had acute diarrhea the last 24 hours?
False
What are your differentials for acute nonhemorrhagic diarrhea?
Dietary indiscretion, stress colitis, change in food
Addisons
What should you do if you have a patient with acute nonhemorrhagic diarrhea?
Check hydration
Maybe metro but wait a few days and decide
Should resolve in 3-5 days
Consider a probiotic
Spectrum of metronidazole?
Good anaerobic coverage with some anti-inflammatory properties
What is the taste of metronidazole?
Tablets taste horrible so dose at 20mg/kg PO q 24 hours instead of 10mg/kg 2x a day
What are the adverse effects of metronidazole?
Salivation, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea
CNS effects (vertical nystagmus, ataxia, encephalopathy)
How do you treat metronidazole toxicity?
Diazepam
Describe tylosin
Macrolide with anti-inflammatory properties
Tylosin spectrum
Gram positives and some aerobes
How do you give tylosin?
Comes in powder and tastes bad so put in capsule
What animals are most susceptible to granulomatous colitis?
Young boxers and french bulldogs
What does granulomatous colitis cause?
Painful, ulcerative large bowel bloody diarrhea and dramatic weight loss
Associated with E. coli
What do you treat granulomatous colitis with?
Enrofloxacin
What is a good protocol for dental disease?
Preoperative use Unasyn, ampicillin, or clindamycin
Postoperative: home with oral for 7-10 days
During a case of AHDS (acute hemorrhagic diarrhea) what do clostridial spores mean?
May or may not be a cause, must a fecal toxin test to see if that is the cause
T/F metronidazole can worsen acute nonhemorrhagic diarrhea?
True
What antimicrobials are most often used for an antibiotic trial in chronic diarrhea?
Metronidazole
Tylosin
T/F antibiotics are indicated for parvovirus with neutropenia?
True
T/F antibiotics are indicated for enteropathogenic bacteria with signs of systemic illness?
True
T/F antibiotics are indicated for an uncomplicated acute diarrhea?
False
T/F antibiotics are indicated with a chronic large bowel diarrhea in leu of workup?
False
T/F antibiotics are indicated during enteropathogenic bacteria in nonclinical cases or mild, self-limiting disease?
False
