Statistical Methods in Quality Management

A collection of flashcards focusing on key vocabulary and concepts in statistical methods relevant to quality management.

Statistics

A science concerned with the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

Probability

The likelihood that an outcome occurs, represented as a value between 0 and 1.

Sample Space

The collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment.

Event

A collection of one or more outcomes from a sample space.

Mutually Exclusive Events

Two events are mutually exclusive if they have no common outcomes.

Complement of an Event

Outcomes in the sample space that are not in event A.

Conditional Probability

The probability of occurrence of one event A, given that another event B is known to be true.

Random Variable

A numerical description of the outcome of an experiment.

Probability Distribution

Characterization of the possible values that a random variable may assume along with the probabilities.

Binomial Distribution

Used to model the probability of finding a certain number of defective items within a sample.

Poisson Distribution

Models the probability of an event happening a certain number of times within a given interval of time or space.

Normal Distribution

A continuous probability distribution represented by a bell-shaped curve.

Standard Normal Distribution

A normal random variable with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.

Exponential Distribution

Models the time between randomly occurring events.

Cumulative Distribution Function

Describes the probability that a random variable is less than or equal to a certain value.