Blood Typing and Rh Factor Review

Flashcards covering ABO blood groups, antigens, antibodies, agglutination, Rh factor rules, and transfusion compatibility.

What two steps must be taken before transfusing a patient with a pack of red blood cells?

The patient's blood must undergo typing and cross-matching.

What are the three types of blood cells suspended in plasma and their primary functions according to the transcript?

White blood cells (fight infection), platelets (help clot), and red blood cells (transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide).

How many blood groups and total blood types are there in ABO blood typing?

There are 4 blood groups (A, B, AB, O) and 8 different blood types when considering the Rh factor.

What are antigens in the context of red blood cells?

Antigens are proteins found on the surface of a red blood cell.

What antibodies are found in the plasma of blood?

Plasma antibodies protect the body from invaders and are always the opposite of the antigens found on the red blood cell surface.

What process occurs when antibodies attack mismatched red blood cells, causing them to clump together and lyse?

Agglutination.

Which antigens and antibodies are present in Type A blood?

Type A blood has A antigens on the red blood cell surface and B antibodies in the plasma.

Which antigens and antibodies are present in Type B blood?

Type B blood has B antigens on the red blood cell surface and A antibodies in the plasma.

Which antigens and antibodies are present in Type AB blood?

Type AB blood has both A and B antigens on the surface, but no antibodies in the plasma.

Which antigens and antibodies are present in Type O blood?

Type O blood has no surface antigens, but has both A and B antibodies in the plasma.

Why is Type AB considered the universal recipient?

Type AB has no antibodies in its plasma to attack incoming red blood cells, allowing it to receive blood from all types.

Why is Type O considered the universal donor?

Type O has no antigens on its red blood cell surface, so it will not trigger an immune reaction in other blood types.

Who can receive blood from a Type A donor, and who can a Type A patient receive blood from?

Type A can donate to Type A and Type AB. A Type A patient can receive blood from Type A and Type O.

Who can receive blood from a Type B donor, and who can a Type B patient receive blood from?

Type B can donate to Type B and Type AB. A Type B patient can receive blood from Type B and Type O.

Who can a Type AB individual donate blood to?

Type AB can only donate to other Type AB individuals.

Who can a Type O individual receive blood from?

Type O individuals can only receive blood from other Type O individuals.

What determines if a blood type is Rh positive or Rh negative?

If Rh factors are present on the surface of the red blood cell, it is Rh positive; if they are not present, it is Rh negative.

What are the transfusion compatibility rules regarding Rh positive and Rh negative blood?

An Rh positive individual can receive both positive and negative blood, whereas an Rh negative individual can only receive Rh negative blood.

What specific blood types can an A positive patient receive?

A positive, A negative, O positive, and O negative.

What specific blood types can an A negative patient receive?

A negative and O negative.