ELECTIVE (NO MODULE 2)

SENTENCE

A __ is a group of words that has a complete thought.

It is composed of a subject and a predicate

Subject, Who or what is doing it?

The actor or entity being described

What it answers:

Predicate, What is happening

The entire verb phrase that tells what the subject is or does.

What it answers:

Intransitive Verb, None

An action verb that does not need a receiver to make sense.

What It Answers:

Transitive Verb, None

An action verb that requires a target to complete its meaning

What it answers:

Linking Verb, None

A verb that connects the subject to an identifying state of being.

What It answers:

Direct Object, What or Who?

The person or thing directly affected by a transitive verb's action.

what it answers:

Indirect Object, to whom or for whom?

The entity that benefits from or receives the direct object.

what it answers:

Subject Complement, what is the subject like?

A noun or adjective that follows a linking verb to rename or describe the subject

what it answers:

Object Complement, what state is the object in?

A noun or adjective that renames or describes the direct object.

what it answers:

Mood

• is the form a verb takes to show how it is to be regarded (e.g., as a fact, a command, a wish, an uncertainty).

• it is the form a verb takes to indicate the attitude of the person using the verb.

Indicative Mood

is used in statements. Ihis states facts, opinions or asks questions.

Imperative Mood

is used in commands. It

expresses a command or a request.

Present Subjunctive

It is used to express a suggestion, a necessity, or an indirect command/order.

Past subjunctive

It is used to express an untrue condition or possibility, or a wish or a desire.

to be

The subjunctive mood uses special forms of "__ " regardless of the tense or subject.

The rule for all other verbs

For all other action verbs, the subjunctive mood always uses the bare infinitive (the base dictionary form of the verb with no "-s", "-ed", or "-ing").

• Normal indicative: He runs every day.

• Subjunctive rule: It is essential that he run every day.

(Notice there is no "-s" on "run")

Tense

shows the time of the action or state expressed by the verb. The English language has three main tenses:

present tense

expresses actions happening now or regularly

Past tense

expresses actions that already happened

future tense

expresses actions that will happen

Aspect

shows the manner in which the action is carried out with respect to time-whether it's completed, ongoing, repeated, or just about to happen.

simple

Describes general, habitual, or completed actions

perfect

Describes actions completed before another time or action

Progressive Continuous

Describes ongoing or continuous actions

Perfect progressive/Continuous

Describes actions that were ongoing and then completed at a certain point

simple present

Used for facts and habits

Present Continuous

Used for actions happening right now.

Present Perfect:

Used for past actions that matter now

Present Perfect Continuous:

Used for ongoing past actions continuing into

the present

Simple Past

Used for completed past actions

Past Continuous:

Used for ongoing past actions that were interrupted.

Past Perfect:

Used for a past action completed before another past event.

Past Perfect Continuous

: Used for past duration before another past action

Simple Future:

Used for future plans or promises.

Future Continuous:

Used for actions in progress at a specific future time.

Future Perfect

: Used for actions finished before a future point

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS

: Used for future duration up to a point