Gov Exam 5 MMHS

What term describes a situation when both the federal and state courts have jurisdiction over a case?

Concurrent jurisdiction

What court decision gave the Supreme Court the right of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

What term describes people engaged in lawsuits who come before courts?

Litigants

What Amendment established the due process clause?

14th

What court ruling established the separate but equal doctrine?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What rulings established that the due process clause did not extend the rights of an individual?

The Slaughterhouse Cases

What term describes the jurisdiction of a trial court?

Original jurisdiction

What term describes the authority of a court to hear certain cases?

Jurisdiction

What term describes the jurisdiction of the court that hears the appealed verdict of a trial court?

Appellate jurisdiction

What court ruling desegregated public education?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

What term describes how the appellate courts are divided regionally?

Judicial circuit

What term describes a federal court that serves as a trial court?

District court

What term describes when the President submits the name of a judicial candidate for appointment to the Senators from the candidate’s state before formally submitting the name to the full Senate?

Senatorial courtesy

What court hears cases dealing with tariffs?

Court of International Trade

Which of the following are Constitutional courts?

All answers are correct

In the federal court system, who makes arrests, secures juries, and keeps order in the courtroom?

United States Marshal

What term describes a formal accusation charging a person with a crime?

Indictment

What is an example of a legislative court?

United States Tax Court

What term describes a group of 6 - 12 people that determine guilt or innocence?

Petit Jury

What term describes the explanations of Supreme Court rulings

Opinion

What term describes the people that summarize cases and help draft opinions for justices?

Law clerks

Respectively, who nominates, and who confirms Supreme Court nominees?

President, Senate

What is true about the background of Supreme Court justices?

Most justices are over the age of 50

Which of the following falls under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?

All answers are correct

What former President served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

William Howard Taft

Which article of the Constitution created the Supreme Court?

III

What organization of attorneys evaluates the qualifications of the federal judicial appointments?

American Bar Association

What term described the practice of Supreme Court justices traveling to different parts of the country to hold court?

Riding the circuit

Currently, how many justices serve on the Supreme Court?

9

What term describes when the all of the justices of the Supreme Court agree on a decision and reasoning?

Unanimous opinion

What term describes an order from the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up records on a case for review?

Writ of Certiorari

What term describes a brief and quick ruling the Supreme Court issues without further information on that case?

Per curiam opinion

What type of opinion disagrees with the majority opinion?

Dissenting opinion

Approximately how many written opinions are delivered during each Supreme Court term?

50 - 100

What type of opinion agrees with the majority but does not agree with the reasoning?

Concurring opinion

What term describes a brief submitted by a “friend of the court” claiming to have information useful to the courts considerations of a case?

Amicus curiae

What is a written statement setting forth the legal arguments, relevant facts, and precedents supporting a case?

Brief

What type of opinion is written when most of the justices agree on a decision and reasoning?

Majority opinion

How are Supreme Court cases debated among the justices?

In a private meetings where only the justices are in attendance

What is a limit on the types of cases the Supreme Court can hear?

All answers are correct

In what way does the Supreme Court shape public policy?

All answers are correct

What term describes when a court case serves as a model on which to base other decisions in similar cases?

Precedent

What court decision ruled racial segregation of schools was unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

What court decision ruled that the President could not impound money appropriated by Congress?

Train v. City of New York

Marbury v. Madison formed the basis of what Supreme Court power?

Judicial Review

What power gives the Supreme Court the ability to examine laws and actions and cancel them if they violate the Constitution?

Judicial review

What does the term “stare decisis” mean?

Let the decision stand

How does the Supreme Court handle advisory opinions?

The court will not rule on a law or action that has not been challenged

What is a factor that limits the Supreme Court’s power?

The Supreme Court has no power of enforcement for it’s decisions

How can the President influence the Supreme Court?

Judicial appointment

What term describes a coalition of justices that vote similarly on certain issues?

Bloc

What term describes a deciding vote on a case?

Swing vote

Respectively, what case established separate but equal and what case overturned it?

Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

How do modern justices interact with one another?

They rarely meet together in person and communicate via email

What forces can influence justices’ opinions about a case?

All answers are correct

How can Congress influence the Supreme Court?

Passing laws that limit the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

Who presides over the Supreme Court during oral arguments and in conference?

Chief Justice

Overturning the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling was an example of what?

Changing social attitudes effecting a Supreme Court opinion

How does public opinion affect Supreme Court justices?

Justices are part of society and are affected by the same social forces that shape public attitudes

What term describes a court hearing of 16 - 23 individuals to determine if enough evidence exists to issue a formal accusation charging a person of a crime?

Grand Jury