paper 2

Microfluidic devices

Devices that manipulate small volumes of fluids, primarily classified into passive and active types.

Passive microfluidics

Devices that utilize internal forces and geometry-dependent limits for fluid mixing and particle manipulation without external energy.

Active microfluidics

Devices that use external energy sources to manipulate fluids and particles within microchannels.

Organ on a chip

Microfluidic devices designed to replicate human tissues for studying disease mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.

Inertial focusing

A passive technique where particles in laminar flow move to equilibrium positions due to shear-induced lift and wall-induced forces.

Droplet microfluidics

A technique for creating and manipulating discrete volumes of immiscible liquids, essential for high-throughput applications such as single-cell analysis.

Biosensing technology

Tools used for detecting biological markers, often employing microfluidics for point-of-care testing.

Replica molding

Common fabrication method for microfluidic devices involving negative photoresist patterned on silicon and casting PDMS.

Nanoimprint lithography

A nanofabrication technique using mechanical pressing of a mold into resist, commonly used for creating polymer nanostructure chips.

Thermal tweezers

A method that uses temperature gradients to manipulate and control particles or cells within microfluidic systems.

Enzyme immobilization

Technique of attaching enzymes to surfaces to enhance stability and reuse in microfluidic devices.

Dielectrophoresis (DEP)

A technique used to manipulate particles based on their polarizability in an electric field, allowing for sorting and focusing.

Pulsed field-effect micromixers

Mixers that achieve rapid mixing through alternating pressure fields created by oscillating frequency controls.

CVD detection

A detection method for cardiovascular diseases using bloodborne biomarkers measured through microfluidic platforms.

Cryopreservation

Technique for preserving biological materials by rapid cooling, which can lead to cell damage and osmotic shock.