psych 110 exam 3 (eating disorders)

Westernized views

-more diagnosed in women than man

-increasing rates in men "making weight" "ideal muscle"

-common in young adolescence and college students

-body image issues are culturally defined (America vs china)

Anorexia Nervosa

diagnostically:

-Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements and significantly low body weight

-intense fear of gaining weight

-Significant disturbance in perception of shape/size of body

-15 percent below expected weight, refusal to maintain weight

Amenorrhea in Anorexia

absence of menstruation(periods) in anorexia mainly caused by excess exercise

restricting subtype of anorexia

Limit caloric intake via diet and fasting

binge-eating/purging subtype of anorexia

Induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas

anorexia Associated Features and co-morbidity

-comorbid for other psychological disorders

-methods of waste lost can be severely life threatening

Why might you see someone wear bulky clothes who is diagnosed with anorexia?

-hide thinness from others

- could get cold easier from low weight

psychological changes of anorexia

-Low self esteem

-Clinical depression or chronically low mood

-Poor school performance

-Withdrawal from previous friendships and other peer relationships

anorexia research data

majority are female, white, and middle/upper middle class

-usually develops around age 13/ early adolescence

anorexia and death rates

-People suffering from eating disorders have the highest death rate of any mental illness

-5 to 10% die within 10 years

-18-20% die within 20

-20 percent will premature die

anorexia medical treatment

-There are none with demonstrated efficiacy

anorexia psychological treatment

Goals: Weight restoration

Treatment involves education, behavioral, and cognitive interventions

Treatment often involves the family

anorexia psych treatment long term prognosis

-Long term prognosis for anorexia is poorer than for bulimia

pro ana websites

-help continue eating disorder behavior (gives tips)

-does not help prevent

Bulimia Nervosa diagnostically

-Recurrent episodes of binge eating

-Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weigh gain

how is bulimia different from anorexia

anorexia does not have compensatory behavior

binge cycling

-Rapid consumption of large amounts of food followed by some kind of purging

purging subtype

-Most common subtype

Vomiting, laxatives

non prurging subtype

-about 6 - 8% of cases• e.g.,

Excess exercise, fasting20

bulimia nervosa associated behaviors

-Person may be very secretive in both eating and purging. Feels depressed after

-purging methods can lead to serious damage: (damage to stomach, throat, death)

Bulimia psychological features

-Become more and more withdrawn

-Mood disorders

-Anxiety disorders

-substance abuse(Diet pills)

prev rates of bulimia

-1-3 percent for females

.1 percent of males

-onset age= 16 to 19

bulimia medical treatment

-Antidepressants can help reduce binging and purging behavior

-Antidepressants are not efficacious in the long term

bulimia psychological treatment

CBT/Interpersonal psychotherapy both have long term efficacy

College Populations and eating problems

-61% of college women have some kind of eating disturbance (but not a disorder)▪

-College athletes and higher risk eating/dieting behaviors

characteristics of women with eating disorders

-as children: tend to be- High achieving, Perfectionistic, Often overly compliant

-comes from family with great emphasis on physical beauty

-70% of these women on diets as early as elementary school

If a friend has this

-Be direct

-dont comment repeatedly on thiness

-They may take this as a complement

-Instead emphasize caring about this person

Body Image Disturbance

-Body dysmphorphic disorder (BDD)

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

-Preoccupied with perceived defect in apperance

Problems with BI disturbance

-High relationship to over all psychological distress

-Relationship to seeking cosmetic surgery(as BID increases more likely to seek surgery)

Conceptualizations of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

-multiple conceptualizations

- related to anorexia

What are the challenges of multiple conceptualizations that have existed for BDD?

-Etiology unclear

-Mulltiple formulations makes its hard to treat

--Treatment (thereotrically) depends on formulation

Multiple formulations- where to start ?

intrapersonal factors

-Seek to remove or eliminate experience of emotional or cognitive distress (experiental avoidance)

-Negatively reinforced escape and avoidance repertoire

-increased problems

bdd interpersonal factors

-Creates disconnection with/isolation from others

-Inaccurate identification of what is valued by self or majority of social community

Prevention of BI disturbance

-will take a great amount of work in order ton changes