Orgo Exam 2 - Functional Groups

functional groups

commonly occuring groups of atoms that have similar properties and reactivities

alkanes

hydrocarbons that only contains C-C single bonds

alkenes

hydrocarbons that contain at least one C=C double bond

alkynes

hydrocarbons that contain at least one C≡C triple bond

aromatic

• benzene containing compounds

• 3 double bonds alternating in a 6 membered ring

alcohol

-OH directly bounded to a sp3 carbon

ether

• no O-H bond

• both carbon’s need to be sp3

aldehyde

ketone

• no C-H bond

carboxylic acid

ester

amide

acid halide

primary amine (1°)

• single bonds only

secondary amine (2°)

• single bonds only

tertiary amine (3°)

• single bonds only

imine

• C=N bond

nitrile

• C≡N bond

pyridine

functional group priorities (naming & reactivity)

Low to High Priority:

alkyl halides + alkanes

alkenes

alkynes

alcohols

all the rest