quiz 1 - motion

force

when a push or pull is applied; the push or pull on an object with mass which causes it to change its velocity

mass

the quantity of matter present; a measure of the amount of matter in a body

force

when a push or pull is applied; the push or pull on an object with mass which causes it to change its velocity

mass

the quantity of matter present; a measure of the amount of matter in a body

velocity

speed with direction; the distance an object travels in a given amount of time and the direction of the movement

acceleration

time rate change in velocity; the change in velocity over time

potential energy

energy of position, energy stored in an object due to its position relative to some zero position

gravitational potential energy

position at height above or below the zero height

elastic potential energy

position on an elastic medium other than the equilibrium position

kinetic energy

energy of motion

displacement

the distance an object is moved from rest

compression

when molecules are off of equilibrium and closer together

rarefaction

when molecules are off of equilibrium and further apart

2 consequences of force

(1) distortion (2) acceleration

energy

the ability to do work; remains constant

elasticity

the ability for an object to return to its original state

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

AKA Law of Intertia; an object at rest remains at rest + an object in motion will remain in motion at constant speed in straight line unless an outside force acts upon it

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

if a net force acts on an object it will accelerate in the same direction as the net force; F = ma, net force = mass X acceleration; larger net force acting on an object causes larger acceleration + objects with larger mass require more force to accelerate

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

for every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction

solid

maintains shape and volume, independent of container, low kinetic energy so molecules can’t really slide over each other

liquid

maintains volume but not shape, dependent on container, more kinetic energy so molecules slide over each other

gas

doesn’t maintain volume or shape, expands to fill container, molecules collide with one another

How does mass differ from weight?

mass is the total amount of matter in an object while weight is the force of gravity on an object; mass always stays the same but weight changes depending on how much gravity is acting on it