levels of physiological organisation

Vocabulary flashcards covering biological hierarchy, basic tissue types, muscle control, cell layer types, and anatomical directional terminology.

Hierarchy of Biological Organization

The structural organization from simple to complex: Atoms -> molecules -> Organelle -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ.

Cell

The basic structure of the human body.

Tissue

An accumulation of similar cells with similar structure and function

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue responsible for protection, secretion, and absorption.

Simple or stratified

Lines all hollow organs

Connective Tissue

Tissue that provides protection to organs and locomotion , with examples including cartilage and bone

Muscle Tissue

Tissue responsible for movement e.g contract to produce force , with examples including skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.

Nervous Tissue

Generates and conducts electrical signal for communication and control between cells, tissues and organs

Simple Layer of epithelial tissue

A cellular layer arrangement consisting of one layer.

Types of control for muscles

Voluntary- skeletal muscle

Involuntary- cardiac or smooth muscle

Stratified Layer of epithelial tissue

A cellular layer arrangement consisting of multiple layers.

Skeletal Muscle

Muscle tissue under voluntary control.

Cardiac or Smooth Muscle

Muscle tissue under involuntary control.

Cranial

Anatomical direction meaning towards the head.

Caudal

Anatomical direction meaning towards the lower body or feet.

Dorsal or Posterior

Anatomical direction meaning towards the back.

Anterior or Ventral

Anatomical direction meaning towards the front.

Medial

Anatomical direction meaning towards the midline.

Lateral

Anatomical direction meaning away from the midline.

Medial

Towards midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Towards the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

Distal

Away from point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

What is middagittal plane

Plan through the midline

Superficial

Near or close to the surface

Deep

Towards inner part

frontal plane

from left to right

Transverse

Horizontal plane mid body

Oblique plane

An angled planw