Urine Formation and Kidney Function

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to urine formation, kidney function, and waste removal.

Filtration

The process of creating filtrate from blood, occurring between the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. It is a nonselective passive process.

Filtrate

The fluid collected in Bowman's capsule after filtration. Its concentration is the same as blood plasma, minus formed elements and large proteins.

Selective Reabsorption

The process in the proximal convoluted tubule where materials are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the peritubular capillaries (blood).

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

The site of selective reabsorption where water, nutrients (glucose, amino acids), and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

Tubular Secretion

The process in the distal convoluted tubule where materials move from the peritubular capillaries (blood) into the tubules by active transport.

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Site where tubular secretion occurs; materials from the blood are actively transported into the filtrate; regulates pH, hydration, and blood pressure.

Urea

A nitrogenous waste product from the deamination of proteins in the liver, concentrated in urine.

Uric Acid

A nitrogenous waste product from nucleic acids, concentrated and removed in urine.

Creatinine

A nitrogenous waste product efficiently removed from the plasma and concentrated in urine.

Dilute Urine

Urine produced when hydrated, resulting in a lower concentration of dissolved substances.

Concentrated Urine

Urine produced when dehydrated, resulting in a higher concentration of solutes.

Nitrogenous Wastes

Waste products such as urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine that are concentrated and excreted in urine.