APUSH - Chapter 33 Simple IDs

dispossessed

The economically deprived.

rubberstamp

To approve a plan or law quickly or routinely, without examination.

blank check

Referring to permission to use an unlimited amount of money or authority.

foreign exchange

The transfer of credits or accounts between the citizens or financial institutions of different nations.

hoarding

Secretly storing up quantities of goods or money.

boondoggling

Engaging in trivial or useless work; any enterprise characterized by such work.

Fascist (Fascism)

A political system or philosophy that advocates a mass-based party dictatorship, extreme nationalism, racism, and the glorification of war.

parity

Equivalence in monetary value under different conditions; specifically, in the United States, the price for farm products that would give them the same purchasing power as in the period 1909-1914.

holding company

A company that controls the stocks and securities of another company.

collective bargaining

Bargaining between an employer and his or her organized work force over hours, wages, and other conditions of employment.

jurisdictional

Concerning the proper sphere in which authority may be exercised.

checks and balances

In American politics, the interlocking system of divided and counter-weighted authority among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

pinko

Disparaging term for someone who is not completely a "red," or Communist, but is alleged to be sympathetic to communism.

deficit spending

The spending of public funds beyond the amount of income.

left or left-wing

In politics, groups or parties that traditionally advocate progress, social change, greater economic and social equality, and the welfare of the common worker.

right or right-wing

traditionally groups or parties that advocate adherence to tradition, established authorities, and an acceptance of some degree of economic and social hierarchy.

New Deal

Phrase used to describe all of Franklin Roosevelt's policies and programs to combat the Great Depression

Brain Trust

FDR's reform-minded intellectual advisers, who conceived much of the New Deal legislation

Hundred Days (Emergency) Congress

Popular term for the special session of Congress in early 1933 that rapidly passed vast quantities of Roosevelt-initiated legislation and handed the president sweeping power

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

The early New Deal agency that worked to solve the problems of unemployment and conservation by employing youth in reforestation and other beneficial tasks

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Large federal employment program, established in 1935 under Harry Hopkins, that provided jobs in areas from road building to art

Blue Eagle

Widely displayed symbol of the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which attempted to reorganize and reform U.S. industry

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

New Deal farm agency that attempted to raise prices by paying farmers to reduce their production of crops and animals

Dust Bowl

The drought-stricken plains areas from which hundreds of thousands of Okies and Arkies were driven during the Great Depression

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

New Deal agency that aroused strong conservative criticism by producing low-cost electrical power while providing full employment, soil conservation, and low cost housing to an entire region

Social Security Act

New Deal program that financed old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and other forms of income assistance

Congress of Industrial Workers (CIO)

The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board

Securities and Exchange Comission (SEC)

New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading

American Liberty League (ALL)

Organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attacks on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as economic royalists in the campaign of 1936

Court-Packing

Plan Roosevelt's highly criticized scheme for gaining Supreme Court approval of New Deal legislation

Keynesianism

Economic theory of British economist who held that governments should run deliberate deficits to aid the economy in times of depression

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Former New York governor who roused the nation to action against the depression with his appeal to the "forgotten man"

Eleanor Roosevelt

Presidential wife who became an effective lobbyist for the poor during the New Deal

Francis E. Townsend

Leader of senior citizen movement who called for the federal government to pay $200 a month to everyone over sixty

Harry Hopkins

Former New York social worker who became an influential FDR adviser and head of several New Deal agencies

Father Coughlin

The "microphone messiah" of Michigan whose mass radio appeals turned anti-New Deal and anti-Semitic

Huey "Kingfish" Long

Louisiana senator and popular mass agitator who promised to make "every man a king" at the expense of the wealthy

George W. Norris

Vigorously progressive senator from Nebraska whose passionate advocacy helped bring about the New Deal's Tennessee Valley Authority

Harold Ickes

Former bull moose progressive who spent billions of dollars on public building projects while carefully guarding against waste

John Steinbeck

Writer whose best-selling novel portrayed the suffering of dust bowl Okies in the Thirties

John L. Lewis

Domineering boss of the mine workers' union who launched the CIO

Frances Perkins

Roosevelt's secretary of labor, America's first female cabinet member

Alfred M. Landon

Republican who carried only two states in a futile campaign against "The Champ" in 1936

Ruth Benedict

Prominent 1930s social scientist who argued that each culture produced its own type of personality

John Maynard Keynes

British economist whose theories helped justify New Deal deficit spending

Mary McLeod Bethune

As Director of Minority Affairs for the National Youth Administration, the highest black official in the Roosevelt administration