unit 5 APES

A rainshadow occurs

on the leeward sides of mountain ranges and high islands

Rainfall onto the Earth's surface is normally greatest at the equator because

- warm moist air rises at these latitudes

help redistribute heat from the sun, thereby influencing climate and vegetation, especially near coastal areas.

- ocean currents

The rain shadow effect is responsible for the formation of which of the following?

The Mojave desert

Over land, most water that reaches the atmosphere comes from transpiration.

- True

Which statement about water is true?]

- Water exists as a liquid over a wide temperature range

What is one major way in which humans harmfully impact the water cycle?

- overpumping of aquifers

What is happening between G and F in the upper atmosphere?

- Air is cooling and losing moisture

Light intensity (as energy per square meter per second) is most intense

- near the equator

How much of the world's population depends on mountain systems for all or some of their water?

- 56%

Which of the following is not a major abiotic component of climate?

- transpiration

The hydrologic cycle is the movement of ____-

water

What is happening at the Earth's surface between positions F and E?

- Air is heating up and gaining moisture

The hydrologic cycle is a way nature renews water quality.

- True

Which of the following statements about oceans is not true?

- Ocean currents flow counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere.

An areas general pattern of atmospheric conditions over decades or longer is known as …

- climate

What is happening at G?

- Warm, moist air is rising

Which of the following is one of the major factors that influences global air circulation as described in the textbook?

- The rotation of the earth on its axis

If the Earth was NOT tilted on itʻs axis, which of the following would most likely be affected?

- the seasons

Which term describes the temperature, precipitation, and humidity of an area over hours or days?

- weather

Global climate patterns are primarily due to …

- solar radiation and the planets movement

The trade winds form from which of the following

- air convection currents and the earths rotation on its axis

Most precipitation falling on terrestrial ecosystems becomes ____.

- surface runoff into lakes, streams, and the ocean

What would be a possible consequence if the Earth lost its electromagnetic shield?

- all of the choices

In the northern hemisphere, the earth’s major ocean currents tend to circulate ____.

- clockwise

The hydrologic cycle is driven primarily by ____.

- solar energy

Which of the following is not true about mountains?

- They have deep, fertile soils

_ is/are the average atmospheric or weather conditions in a given region during a time frame of several decades to thousands of years.

- climate

Where does the largest input of solar energy occur?

- the equator

What is happening at position F?

- cool, dry air descending

Which of the following is true about light that is incident upon latitudes near the poles?

- it passes through a thicker section of atmosphere and over a larger area

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

- carbon monoxide

In the southern hemisphere, the earth’s major ocean currents tend to circulate ____.

- counter-clockwise

Climate and vegetation vary with both latitude and _.

- altitude

Which of the following biomes has bitterly cold winters, hot dry summers, and receives sparse precipitation?

- temperate grassland

Deserts are primarily located in hot, tropical regions.

- False

Oceans and other large bodies of water absorb sunlight, helping to store heat and moderate the climate.

- True

Desert ecosystems are fragile for which of the following two reasons?

- slow plant growth and low species diversity

The large grazing animals such as wildebeests and gazelles are best associated with which biome?

- savanna

Which of the following statements is true?

- biodiversity increases as you move closer to the equator

Major human impacts on terrestrial ecosystems are least likely to include ____.

- increased global diversity

A large body of evidence indicates that human activities are enhancing the earth's natural greenhouse effect and changing the earth’s climate

.- True

Treeless, bitterly cold most of the year, long and dark winters, low-growing plants, and permafrost are characteristics of which of the following?

- tundra

Succulent plants are normally found in temperate forests.

- False

The biome that has warm temperatures year-round and widely spaced clumps of trees is the ____.

- savanna

The biome with the highest diversity is the ____.

- tropical rain forest

Which type of desert would have high daytime temperatures in summer, low temperatures in winter, and moderate precipitation?

- temperate deserts

Tropical rain forests cover only 2% of the earth's land surface but may contain at least half of the earth's known terrestrial plant and animal species.

- True

Trees of the tropical rainforest are characterized by leaves that are ____.

- broadleaf and evergreen

Which of the following would not be true of a tropical rain forest?

- low net primary productivity

Which is an effective strategy adopted by desert plants for survival?

- storing water in expandable tissue

Which of the following statements is true?

- Biodiversity decreases as you move up in elevation

Deciduous forests are typically located at higher altitudes than coniferous forests.

- False

The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is ____.

- climate

Which of the following does not belong with the others?

- tropical rain forests

Which of the following biomes would you expect to have the slowest nutrient turnover?

- cold desert

Ice and snow on mountains absorbs sunlight, helping to store heat and moderate the climate.

- False

In a tropical rain forest, dropped leaves, fallen trees, and dead animals decompose ____.

- quickly due to the abundance of decomposers

Large regions characterized by a certain climate and dominant plant life are called ____.

- biomes

"Widely scattered clumps of trees, warm temperatures year-round, and alternating dry and wet seasons, with herds of herbivores" are characteristics of which of the following?]

- savanna

Deserts are commonly cool at night because desert soils have little vegetation or moisture to help store the heat.

- True

What biome characteristics contribute to the highest recycling of nutrients.

- warm biomes with abundant water

How do the tropical rain forest differ from the temperate deciduous forest?

- Deciduous forests have a slower rate of decomposition than rain forests

What stimulus typically triggers the germination of a seed?

- water

What is a distinct advantage to planting grasses (monocots) in your yard after a major landscaping event?

- Grasses have a fibrous root system that serves to anchor the soil.

When attempting to determine if a flower is perfect (has both male and female housing organs), which of the following should you look for?

- stamens and carpels

Thinking about our circulatory system, which tissue system in a plant would be most analogous?]

- vascular tissue

Which of the following best characterizes the monocots?

- embryo with one seed leaf, leaves with parallel veins, stems with vascular bundles scattered, and flower parts in threes

The main parts of a flower are modified versions of which of the following?

- leaves

Which of the following describes the delivery of pollen to the stigma of a carpel?

- pollination

Most domesticated food crops come from which of the following plant groups?

- angiosperms

Which of the following would provide the best data regarding weather patterns during specific periods of the last several hundred years?

- tree rings

Which of the following plant types complete their life cycle in two years?

- biennials

Considering the options below, choose the pair wherein the former develops into a seed and the latter typically forms the fruit.

- ovule with its contents and ovary

The primary function of guard cells is to __.

- control the rate at which a plant loses water and takes in CO2

Which of the following best characterizes the dicots?

- an embryo with two sees leaves

In which structure do pollen grains develop?

- anther

The enclose and protect the flower bud, while the advertise the flower to insects and other pollinators.

- sepals ….. Petals

Which of the following do guard cells act to regulate?

- stomata

Which of the following best describes the function of typical leaves?

- photosynthesis

Which of the following is the waxy coating secreted on leaves and most stems?

- cuticle

How long ago did humans begin to domesticate wild plants?

- 10,000 years ago

The seed coat's most important function is to provide

- desiccation resistance

Which of the following is correct when considering the function of primary and secondary growth?

- Primary growth adds height, and secondary growth adds girth

A plant grows taller through , which involves cell division in the .

- primary growth…. Apical meristem

Which of the following products used by humans sometimes comes from plants?]

- all of these

While on a hike, you notice that several burrs have become attached to your socks. You quickly pull them off. Burrs are produced by certain plants and frequently catch on animal fur (or people's clothing). After thinking about it, you decide that the burr is a type of that is an adaptation for .

- fruit…. Seed dispersal

Which of the following constitute the shoot system of a plant?

- all of these

Cells that contain the most chloroplasts are found in what region of a typical leaf?

- the mesophyll

Which of the following are the two things for which many angiosperms have become dependent on animals?

- pollination and seed dispersal