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Word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy (ATP)
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (ATP)
Word equation for fermentation in yeast
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (ATP)
Photosynthesis relation to respiration
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight, while respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Photosynthesis stores energy, while respiration releases it.
Word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy → Glucose + Oxygen
Benefits of producing/using bioethanol
Bioethanol is renewable, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and can lower dependency on fossil fuels.
Drawbacks of bioethanol production/use
It requires large land areas for crops, may lead to food vs. fuel competition, and has a lower energy yield than gasoline.
Benefits of wastewater treatment
Reduces pollution, conserves water resources, prevents waterborne diseases, and can recover valuable resources.
Drawbacks of wastewater treatment
High costs, requires energy, and can produce greenhouse gases and residual sludge needing disposal.
Benefits of bioremediation
Is environmentally friendly, cost effective, faster recovery and resilience against future contamination in ecosystem.
Drawbacks of bioremediation
It can be slow, might not completely remove all contaminants, and depends on specific conditions for effectiveness.
When is anaerobic respiration most useful?
In low-oxygen conditions, like during intense exercise, or in environments where oxygen is scarce (e.g., waterlogged soils).
When is aerobic respiration most useful?
When there is a sufficient oxygen supply, as it produces more ATP and is more efficient than anaerobic respiration.
What makes a research question focused?
It should be specific, clear, and researchable, narrowing down to a specific aspect or variable of a larger topic.
How do you formulate a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is an educated guess that predicts the outcome based on existing knowledge. It should be clear, testable, and typically structured as an 'If...then...' statement.
Independent, dependent, and controlled variables
Independent Variable: The factor you change. Dependent Variable: The factor you measure. Controlled Variables: Factors kept constant to ensure a fair test.
Importance of controlling variables in an experiment
It ensures that any observed changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable alone, making the results reliable and valid.
