America's History 8th Edition Terms Chapter 3

Proprietorship

A colony created through a grant of land from the English monarch to an individual or group who then set up a form of government largely independent from Royal control.

Quakers

Epithet for members of the Society of friends.Their belief that God spoke directly to each individual through an inner light and that neither ministers not the bible was essential to discovering gods word put them in conflict with both the Church of England and orthodox puritans.

Navigation Acts

English laws passed in 1650's and 1660's requiring that certain English colonial goods be shipped through English ports on English ships manned by English sailors in order to benefit English merchants shippers, and seamen.

Dominion of New England

A royal province created by King James II in 1686 that would have absorbed Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts bay, Plymouth, New York, and New Jersey into a single vast colony and eliminated their assembles and other charted rights. James's plan was canceled by the glorious revolution in 1688 which removed him from the throne.

Glorious Revolution

A quick and nearly bloodless coup in 1688 in which James II of England was overthrown by William of Orange. Whig politicians forced the new king William and queen Mary to accept the deceleration of rights, creating a constitutional monarchy that enhanced the powers of the House of Commons at the expense of the crown.

Constitutional Monarchy

A monarchy limited by its rule by a constitution.

Second hundred years War

An era of warfare begginging with the war of the Leauge of Augsburg in 1689 and lasting until the defeat of Napolean at Waterloo in 1815. In that time, England fought in seven major wars the longest era of peace lasted only 26 years.

Triabalzation

the adaptation of stateless peoples to the demands imposed on the by neibhoring states.

Covenant Chain

The alliance of the Iriquoiis first with the colony of New York then when the British empire and its other Colonies. The covenant chain became a model for relations between the British Empire and other Native American people.

South Atlantic System

A new agricultural and commercial order that produced sugar tobacco rice and other tropical and subtropical products for an international trade. It's plantation societies were ruled by European planter merchants and worked by hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans.

Middle Passage

The brutal sea voyage from Africa to the Americas that took the lives of nearly 2 million enslaved Americans

Stono Rebellion

The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.

Gentitality

A refined style of living and elaborate manners that came to be highly prized among well to do English families after 1600 and strongly influenced leading colonists after 1700.

Salutary Neglect

refers to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England.

Patronage

The power of elected officials to grant government jobs and favors to their supporters also the jobs and favors themselves.

Land Banks

An institution established by a colonial legislature that printed paper money and lent it to farmers taking a lein on their land to ensure repayment

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Edmund Andros

was an English colonial administrator in North America. He was the governor of the Dominion of New England during most of its three-year existence. At other times, Andros served as governor of the provinces of New York, East and West Jersey, Virginia, and Maryland.

William of Orange

Leaders of the Whig party invited hiim a Prostant Prince, to come to England at the head of an invading army. Overthrew King James II in the Glorious Revolution by its supporters.

John Locke

a political philospher, who made a lasting effect on America giving natural rights to live, liberty, and property. Where many political leaders wanted to expand powers of the colonial assembles.

Jacob Leiser

had heavy handed tactics that made him vunerable, Henry Sloughter took over his place as govenor in 1691, and was indicted for treason, hanged, and decapitated for corrupting new York's politics for a generation.

William Byrd II

1674-1744, was asuccessful planter-merchant in Virginia, hoped to marry his children into the English Gentry. Sent his sons to England to furthur his educcation, and denied a post with the Board of Trade 3 times. He gave up, trying to get involved in English Gentry because the South was full of slaves. Used wealth to rule white yeomen families and tenant farmers.

Robert Walpole

Whig leader in the House of Commons from 1720-1742. He won parlimentary approval for his polocies. Filling the British Government the Board of Trade, and the colonial bureacuacy with do nothing hacks. Weakining the empire with patronage, the practice of giving offices and salaries to political allies, and high taxes threatining British liberties.