Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Flashcards covering key concepts from the 'Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology' lecture, including definitions, directional terms, body cavities, levels of organization, and homeostasis.

What is anatomy?

The study of the form and structure of the body and its parts.

What is physiology?

The study of the function(s) of the body and its parts.

What is the difference between microscopic and gross anatomy?

Microscopic anatomy studies structures smaller than can be seen with the naked eye, while gross anatomy studies structures visible to the naked eye.

What does 'Cranial' refer to in domestic animals?

Toward the head end of the body.

What does 'Caudal' refer to in domestic animals?

Toward the tail end of the body.

What does 'Dorsal' refer to in domestic animals?

Toward the back.

What does 'Ventral' refer to in domestic animals?

Toward the belly.

What does 'Rostral' mean in domestic animals (head only)?

Toward the tip of the nose.

What does 'Proximal' indicate when referring to an extremity?

Toward the body (extremity).

What does 'Distal' indicate when referring to an extremity?

Away from the body (extremity).

What is the 'back' of the forelimb from the carpus distally called?

Palmar.

What is the 'back' of the hindlimb from the tarsus distally called?

Plantar.

What is the human equivalent for 'Cranial' in domestic animals?

Superior.

What is a major reason for using common regional terms in anatomy?

To provide shorthand for recording anatomic locations in records.

What is the anatomical term for a horse's knee?

Carpus.

What is the anatomical term for a horse's hock?

Tarsus.

Define a body cavity.

Any fluid-filled space in the body that protects internal organs.

Name two major body cavities found in animals.

Cranial, Thoracic, Spinal, Abdominal, Pelvic, Dorsal, or Ventral cavities.

What does bilateral symmetry mean?

The left and right halves of an organism are mirror images of one another.

What is the basic unit of life?

Cells.

What are tissues in the context of biological organization?

Specialized groups of cells with similar function that work as a unit.

What are organs?

Groups of tissues that form a functional unit.

List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex.

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, Organism.

Name one of the 'starred' body systems mentioned in the lecture.

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, or Nervous system.

Why is it important to study Anatomy and Physiology?

It helps us to understand how to maintain health.

What is homeostasis?

A 'normal', balanced state of the body, or equilibrium.

Provide an example of homeostasis mentioned in the lecture.

Temperature balance.

Name one internal physiological mechanism for thermoregulation in domestic animals.

Sweating, Panting, or Cutaneous vasodilatation.

Name one behavioral mechanism domestic animals use for thermoregulation.

Looking for shaded cooler places, licking skin to deposit saliva, prone extension, splashing water on combs/wattles, extension of a limb, or basking.

According to the summary, what describes the structure and function of living organisms?

Anatomy and Physiology.