Midterm review

Health Equity

the state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health

Patient centered care

Things include active listening, empathy, engagement

Lesion management

filling the cavity, treating the issue with the actual tooth.

risk assessment

• process of identifying and evaluating factors that could negatively impact a patient’s oral health    

  • ex: diet analysis, home care analysis

risk management

• the process of mitigating (making something that is bad less severe or serious)

  • nutritional counseling

  • oral hygiene instruction

risk factors

• elements which increase the likelihood of a risk occurring. they contribute to the possibility

  • haven’t had a dental check-up in 5 years

risk indicators

• conditions or situations that signal that the risk is more likely to materialize (the effects)

  • ex: gingivae are bright red and bleed

pulse, respiration, blood pressure, body temperature

what are the 4 vitals signs?

a snapshot of health at present, baseline for the future,

why are vital signs important?

stress/pain, local anesthetic (epinephrine), medications, systemic disease

4 dental concerns in regards to vital signs

abscessed tooth, microbial infection, malignancy, heat stroke

Factors that may contribute to elevated temperature

12-20 breaths per minute

What is the normal breathing rate?

Hyperventilation

rapid breathing

cardiac disease

out of breath easily may be?

emphysema

Labored breathing

normal pulse

60-100 beats/min

tachycardia

over 100 beats/min

bradycardia

less than 60 beats/min

brachial artery

used to measure blood pressure

Systolic pressure

the first beep after the air pressure is let out

normal is 120

Diastolic pressure

the last beep, normal is less than 80

Radial artery

Used to measure pulse, 2 fingers on wrist

• count how many beats over 20 second period than then multiply the total by 3

Carotid pulse

finding pulse in the neck

anxiety, caffeine, alcohol, dehydration, body temperature, exercise, medications, hyperthyroidism

8 factors that affect heart rate

Bounding pulse

overly strong pulse, can be caused by anxiety, coronary disease

Full pulse force

strong wave

Thready pulse force

weak thin pulse, can be linked to shock, arrhythmia, dehydration, hemorrage

blood clot, stoke, pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest

Adverse Effects of Arrhythmia

Excess fluid in blood, hardening of arterial walls, narrowing of arterial lumen, excessively strong heart beat

4 physical factors that increase blood pressure

smoking, obesity, stress, old age, genetics

5 primary risk factors of hypertension

kidney disease, coronary disease, thyroid disease, sleep apnea, adrenal gland disease, drug induced

6 causes of secondary hypertension

anxiety, not taking medication, exercise, lack of sleep, white coat syndrome, smoking, drugs, dehydration, pain

factors affecting blood pressure

Aneroid Monitor

normal blood pressure

Less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic

elevated blood pressure

Systolic 120-129

Diastolic less than 80

Hypertension stage 1

Systolic 130-139

Diastolic 80-90

Hypertension Stage 2

Systolic 140 or higher

Diastolic 90 or higher

Hypertensive crisis

Systolic Higher than 180

Diastolic Higher than 120

Benign inflammatory

lymph node is enlarged, soft, tender, and moveable

Malignant

neoplastic (abnormal growth), Enlarged, firm, non-tender, fixed, rubbery lymph nodes

Acid producing bacteria, below average saliva flow, freqeuent eating and drinking fermentable carbohydrates, poor oral hygiene

what are the 4 pathological factors that cause demineralization (Caries)

salive flow, remineralization (fluoride, calcium, phosphate), good oral hygiene, strategies that maintain a healthy microbiome, strategies that modulate a dysbiotic microbiome

5 protective factors for remineralization (no caries)

5.5

According to the stephan curve, what is the pH that if you dip below will be in the demineralisation zone

History of present illness

What happened that brought the patient to the point that they are seekign care from you today? What led up to the chief complaint

Past medical history

What health issues does the patient have that may influence your choice of care for them today?

MASHITT and substances

key questions to ask?

medication, allergies, surgeries, hospitalization, illness, transfusion, trauma

what does MASHITT stand for

Chief Complaint

what they came in for

Rosa’s law

Replaced “mental retardation” with “intellectual disability” in 2010

ADA/AWDA

“Americans with disabilities act”

Prohibits discrimination against individuals with impairments that may be disabling due to societal barriers

May not refuse to accept or to treat as a result of individual’s disability

CODA

“Commission on dental Accreditation”

“Graduates must be competent in assessing and managing the treatment needs of patients with special needs

Individual barriers to special needs care

Lack of perception of need, difficulty with oral hygiene instructions, traveling access issues, anxiety/fear, financial/insurance issues

Dental profession barriers to special

Inadequate training, insufficient sensitivity, inadequate geographical distribution

Social barriers to special needs care

Inadequate resources, lack of awareness of oral health significance, lack of service planning, lack of research support, inadequate facilities

Governmental barriers to special needs care

lack of awareness, low priority, lack of resources, inability to put planning and policy into practice

SCDA

special care dentistry association

SAID

Special care advocates in dentistry

American academy of developmental medicine and dentistry

what does AADMD stand for

8th floor weismann building

where is the oral health center for people with disabilities location

MARTTI

ASL (American sign language) assistance tool

MOLINI

open wide mouth rest for patietns at the disability center

culture

a system of shared symbols learned and passed from generation to generation

active listening, empathy, engagement

components of patient center care