Ther EX Exam I Practice

what is the goal of therapeutic exercise

enhance function

reduce risk

remediate or prevent impairments

optimize overall health

enhance fitness and well being

classify each of the following

lumbar stenosis

assistance required to get out of bed

unable to walk to the dining room

limited and painful hip ROM

decreased static and dynamic standing balance

inability to stand>5 min

faulty shoulder girdle movement

unable to lift >10lbs from floor height

health condition

activity limitation

participation restriction

impairment

impairment

activity limitation

impairment

activity limitation

what should a PT use as the main clinical decision making factor when prioritizing the impairment to treat first

impairments that most closely relates to an activity limitation or participation restriction

match definition to stage of motor control: mobility

Isotonic: concentric

match definition to stage of motor control

: stability

Isometric: no intention to move

match definition to stage of motor control

: controlled mobility

Isometric: eccentric

match definition to stage of motor control

: skill

Isometric stability, concentric/eccentric

define muscle strength

maximum force that a muscle can develop during a single contraction

T/F DOMS occurs more frequently with eccentric exercise because eccentric muscle action uses more motor units leading to more damage

false

what is the most effective way to improve muscle endurance

train using dynamic exercise against submax loads over progressively longer periods of time

match muscle action to definition

isometric

isokinetic

concentric

eccentric

Static = Isometric contraction without motion about an axis

Dynamic = Concentric (shortening contraction) Eccentric (lengthening contraction)

Dynamic = Isokentic-concentric or eccentric with constant velocity throughout ROM

T/F

dosage parameters can be manipulated for max gains in strength, power and endurance through systems of training called periodization

true

what dosage parameter has an inverse relationship with intensity

duration

match age group with appropriate recommendation for strength training:

infant/ toddler

Should not be burdened with systemic resistive training

Normal developmental progression provides an appropriate stimulus for the development of an optimal amount of muscular strength

match age group with appropriate recommendation for strength training:

preadolescence

Up to 11 in girls 13 in boys

Children are able to make strength gains above and beyond growth and maturation

Resistive training at this age should focus on the neurologic aspects of training

Moderate strength training is acceptable

match age group with appropriate recommendation for strength training: adolescence

Girls 12-18 boys 14-18

The ability to improve strength increases rapidly during adolescence, particularly in boys

General strength training is recommended during this phase

match age group with appropriate recommendation for strength training: early adult

Strength potential is at its highest 18-30

Emphasis should be placed on a balance fitness program

Cardiopulmonary fitness, Muscle performance, Flexibility

match age group with appropriate recommendation for strength training: middle age

Training for as little as two hours or more each week is sufficient to positively influence strength

Can help maintain: Strength and function, bone density, and appropriate boy composition

match age group with appropriate recommendation for strength training: advanced age

Longer periods of recovery after strenuous exertion

Adequate muscle strength helps to prevent or moderate symptoms of degenerative changes to the joints

Resistive exercise by the elderly should be directed toward muscles susceptible to tropic changes and include multi-joint and single-joint exercises

you are designing an exercise program for a pt with history of hypertension. what type of exercise is associated with highest risk of causing increase in blood pressure

high effort isometric

to asses the functional capacity of your patient recovering from lower extremity injury, you have individual perform triple hop for distance. following this testing you find a 25% deficit on involved. what training objective would be most appropriate

power, single leg plyo

which of the following is most appropriate cue for a manually resisted exercise focusing on strengthening the shoulder flexors eccentrically? pt starting position is 90 flex

push up against my resistance but let me win

define 8RM

max amount of weight a person can lift for 8 reps

modifying duration of a training program can be accomplished by

altering number of sets

altering number of reps

altering the time interval

ways to overload a muscle

decrease rest interval

change relation to gravity

increase frequency

with regard to training specificity, the best example of an exercise for a pt with difficulty reaching into cabinet would include...

elevation in scapular plane in standing

during aerobic exercise the percentage of blood flow to the muscle increases to

80%- 85%

abnormal responses to aerobic execise include

failure of SBP to increase

failure of HR to rise proportionally

decrease in SBP >20mmHg

icrease DBP >15mmHg

T/F

when dosing aerobic exercise intensity can be prescribed on the basis of HR max, reserve, Vo2 max, RPE or METs

true

indications for AROM exercises can be any of the following

early strengthening

mobilize segments above and below

enhance proprioception and kinesthesia

normal mobility includes

arthrokinematic motion

neuromuscular coordination

osteokinematic motion

adequate muscle length

T/F

if an individual has excessive arthrokinematic anterior, posterior, and inferior glide at the shoulder that is asymptomatic is an example of hypermobility

true

your patient experiences a tingling sensation in the UE while shoulder is depressed, slight ABD and ER, elbow ext, supination and finger ext

which peripheral nerve is being tested

median

T/F

relative flexibility considers the comparative mobility at adj joints

true

advantages of static strtching include

lower likelihood of soreness

decreases danger of exceeding tissue extensity

uses less overall force

what are some precautions of stretching

osteoperosis

prologned bed rest

older adults

a flossing technique for what nerve would be appropriate if pt reported reproduction of pain with shoulder abd and IR elbow axt pronation wrist flx and ulnar deviation and finger flexion

radial nerve

T/F

AROM exercises would be an appropriate treatment for impaired muscle performance if pts strength is 4/5

false

what position offers greatest assistance when performing shoulder flexion self ROM

supine

T/F

with self stretching it is often the prox attachment that is stabilized as distal moves

false

T/F

ballistic stabilization exercises results in synchronous activation of agonist and antagonist

true

define limit of stability

max angle of displacement from vertical before losing equilibrium

the sensory system that contributes to maintenance of upright posture and orientation inclure

visual

vestibular

somatosensory

T/F

posture and movement impairments cannot be considered in the same was a impairment of muscle performance, ROM, muscle length or joint mobility

true

principles t consider when treating CT injury include

SAID principle

prevention of complications

optimal loading

restoration of normal tissue relationships

T/F

eccentric training programs have been shown to be beneficial in treatment of tendinopathies

true

characteristics of RA that distinguish it from OA

joint laxity

whole joint affected

systemic

T/F

application of joint mobilization to relax periarticular spasm and gait pain prior to performing passive ROM activity may be beneficial in patients with arthritis

true

common postural changes during pregnancy include

forward head

rounded shoulders

increased pronation

increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis

characteristic of open chain movements include

rotation occurs at the primary joint

allows for more isolated muscle activation

movement occurs in one primary axis

T/ F

improvement in strength do not necessarily improve integrated movement patterns

true

examples of open chain excercises

SLR

swinging the foot during swing phase

waving hand

T/ F

with closed chain movement motion of the segment are interdependent

true

examples of closed chain exercises

bridges

step ups

lunges

alternating iso

Isometric strength postural muscles trunk and proximal stabilizing ms of limbs (small amount of motion occurs)

match the PNF technique with the correct description:

hold relax

Verbal command "hold"

Pt provides maximal resistance

match the PNF technique with the correct description: rhythmic initiation

Progression of passive, AA, AROM unidirectional

match the PNF technique with the correct description: rhythmic stabilization

Postural control, balance, and stability in functional WB positions: Sitting/standing (No motion)

match the PNF technique with the correct description: repeated contraction

Unidirectional active muscle response, facilitated by quick stretch

match the PNF technique with the correct description: slow reversal

Concentric contraction in one direction followed by change without pause in other direction (from agonist to antagonist muscle groups)

Hold: Slow reversal with isometric added at end of ROM

match the PNF technique with the correct description: contract relax

Performed at a point of limited ROM in the agonist

Strong contract of antagonist muscles constricted

Emphasis on rotation

UE D1 flexion includes

flexion

adduction

ER

supination

flexion

flexion

UE D2 extension

extension

ADD

IR

pronation

flexion

flexion

LE D1 extension

extension

ABD

IR

PF

eversion

flexion

LE D2 flexion

flexion

ABD

IR

DF

eversion

extension

decreasing the amount of weight by immersing more of a persons body in the water is a result of what property of water

buoyancy

if a patient has lower extremity edema, what properties associated with aquatic therapy will assist with decreasing edema

hydrostatic pressure

which position of the forearm produced the greatest resistance in the water with performing shoulder H add/ abd

neutral

T/Fw

ith regard to aquatic therapy and buoyancy, individuals with relatively higher lean body mass are going to have tendency to float

false

what are physiologic changes occur with submersion in chest deep water

increased CO

increased intrapulmonary volume

decreased vital capacity

Water depth weight bearing at Navel

50.0-55.1%

Water depth weight bearing at Nipple

23.3-25.5%

Water depth weight bearing at Neck, Inhaling

5.7-6.6%

Water depth weight bearing at Neck, Exhaling

7.4-9.2%

PNF pattern for strength

Agonist reversal (concentric to eccentric)

PNF pattern for stretching

Hold and relax with agonist contraction

(hold 10 sec/push back further into the stretch, repeat)