UCSP POLSCI

Polis

City-state in ancient Greece.

Scire

To know.

Political Science

To know the activities within the state -including human interaction and conflict, human and state relations, and power distribution.

The study of governments, public policies, and political processes, systems, and political behavior. (American Political Science Association, 2013)

Six Subdisciplines

Political Theory

Comparative Politics

International Relations

Political Behavior

Public Policy

Public Administration

Political Theory

It examines the contemporary application of political concepts such as human rights, equality, peace, and justice.

It seeks to address the variance of its implementation in societies with the aim of understanding the nature of these concepts and the elements that affect it.

Examples of Political Theory

“Drug War” Killings

“Red-tagging” and Harassment of Activists

Attacks against journalists

Comparative Politics

It aims to provide context to the differences in government and political systems.

It examines the parallelism and divergence of political systems to provide analyses on the factors that make government efficient and the factors that make them fail.

Examples of Comparative Politics

Form of government

Justice System

International Relations

It is the study of state-to-state relations and the wider margin of the impacts of globalization and climate change such as terrorism, piracy, and democratization of non-Western territories.

It covers the interaction between states and nonstate global actors such as international organizations and human groups.

Example of International Relations

Foreign policy under the Marcos Jr. administration

Political Behavior

It covers the attitudes, knowledge, and actions of an individual in response to political variables such as policies created by the government, behavior of politicians, and general political environment.

Example of Political Behavior

Election campaign season

Public Policy

It inquires on the types of governmental policies and the underlying motivations for their enactment and implementation.

Example of Public Policy

Confidential Funds

The general perspective that policies are created to better the living conditions within a territory is at times inaccurate

Public Administration

It examines the various schemes implemented by government officials.

It analyzes the strategies applied by administrative units in implementing the existing policies and the feedback mechanism that they use to gain the opinion of the public.

David Easton’s Political System Model

is one of the most influential frameworks in political science. He introduced it in the 1950s as a way to analyze politics using systems theory, treating political life as a dynamic and adaptive system of interactions.

Environment

Historical, social, and economic conditions of the society that affects the types of policies accepted and declined by the electorate.

Input

The forms of political events/products that are needed by society from its government.

Demands of the Input

It perceived needs of the population that could better their lives.

Support of the Input

mechanisms within the system that would allow for such demands to be facilitated.

Political System

It acts like a black box through which every form of demand is sifted and decided upon.

Based on the nature of the political system, the demands are either acted upon or neglected.

Output

The decision of the government toward an input. Includes policies, rules, laws, regulations, and projects

Feedback

It is the opinions and responses made by the affected sectors on the government's decision.

Feedback on decisions made by the system can also affect the types of demands and support that will be made later by the public.

Political Science Concepts

Anthropology = Culture

Sociology = Society

Political Science = Politics

Alfred Boyer

Politics is the interaction between the civil society and the government in the activity of governance.

David Easton

Politics is the authoritative allocation of scarce values.

Max Weber

Politics is the exercise of power within a state.

Power

The ability of person A to make person B do what person B would not otherwise do. The capacity to direct and influence the decision of others.

State

Political entity that consists of four elements:

Government, Sovereignty, Territory, and People

Four Requisite of State

Government

Sovereignty

Territory

People

Government

A set of personnel who manages the affairs of the state in its act of allocating scarce values.

Aristotle’s Classification of Government

One = Monarchy = Tyranny

Few = Aristocracy = Oligarchy

Many = Polity = Democracy

Sovereignty

Capacity of a political system to make independent decisions within its territory.

Types of Sovereignty

Capacity of a political system to implement its rules and policies within its territory.

The recognition of the political system's existence and authority by other actors and system.

Territory

Geographic space in which the sovereignty of a state is exercised.

Terrestrial Domain

Land areas of the Philippine archipelago, including all islands.

Fluvial Domain

Rivers, lakes, and inland water systems within the archipelago.

Aerial Domain

Airspace above the land and sea territory of the Philippines.

Territorial Sea

Waters surrounding the islands.

Seabed

Ocean floor beneath the territorial sea.

Subsoil

Layers beneath the surface of the land and seabed.

Insular Shelves

Underwater continental shelves around the islands.

Other Submarine Areas

Additional underwater zones under Philippine jurisdiction beyond the shelves.

People

The most crucial element of the state.