Modern World History Final

Renaissance

An age of thought, learning, art, and science that took place in Europe from 1200 to 1600 AD.

Meaning of Renaissance

Rebirth.

Reformation

A major religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church's authority.

Why is Italy significant in the context of the Renaissance?

It is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance and was composed of wealthy city-states.

Fresco

A painting technique where pigments are applied to wet plaster, becoming an integral part of the wall.

Who invented the movable type printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg.

What impact did William Shakespeare have during the Renaissance?

His writing was deeply influenced by the Renaissance, particularly the English Renaissance.

What is Machiavelli most known for?

His role as a statesman in Florence and his writings on political theory.

Indulgence

A certificate issued by the Catholic Church claiming to reduce or eliminate time spent in purgatory.

What major invention is Leonardo da Vinci known for?

He is known for masterpieces like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, integrating art, science, and engineering.

What was the role of Galileo during the Renaissance?

A brilliant astronomer and physicist who revolutionized scientific understanding.

What were Michelangelo's most famous works?

The Sistine Chapel ceiling and the statue of David.

3 C's of exploration?

Cash (wealth), Christianity (converting people), and Conquest (claiming territory).

mercantilism

An economic system where countries sought to amass wealth through trade and resource control.

Columbian Exchange?

The system of exchange of food, animals, technology, and diseases between Europe and America.

What was Karl Marx known for?

His theories on capitalism, socialism, and communism.

What triggered World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Zimmerman Note?

A message by Germany encouraging Mexico to fight the US to regain lost territory.

What were the major powers in the Allied Powers during World War II?

The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China.

D-Day

June 6, 1944; the day Allied forces launched an invasion of Normandy, France.

Final Solution

Nazi Germany's plan for the systematic extermination of the Jewish population in Europe.

Who was Czar Nicholas II?

The last reigning Emperor of Russia.

NATO?

To establish a military alliance among Western countries in response to Soviet aggression.