Food Science Final

One example of a process used in food production is pasteurization. Developed by Louis Pasteur, what is this process?

Process that uses controlled heat to extend the shelf-life of liquid foods.

Although not all highly-processed foods are unhealthy, many such as _____ are a significant source of additional sugar and fat.

cookies

What are minimally processed foods?

Items that are not substantially changed from their raw form.

What types of microorganisms can ferment fruits and vegies?

bacteria, yeast, molds

Fermenting plant foods can have a variety of benefits, including improved...4

Nutrition

Digestibility

Shelf-life

Safety

4 common uses for food irradiation...

1. Reduce food borne illness

2. limit food spoilage

3. make food safer

4. delay ripening

While food processing can be very useful in providing more convenient foods, it can also present a challenge in terms of the...

packaging waste generated

Certain food preservation methods, such as ___ have been used since ancient times, but other methods like ___ are the result of more recent technological developments..

drying

canning

In terms of food processing, what do the terms enrichment and fortification refer to ?

restoring or raising nutrient levels in food

Food preservation was an important advancement for early humans because it...

Allowed them to save food for later use

Foods/drinks that commonly contain sugar substitutes include food/drinks labeled....

Light, Sugar-free, & Low calorie

What is the name of a naturally occurring sweet molecule that is an alternative to sugar?

Sugar alcohols

What is the sugar substitute aspartame composed of ?

Amino acids

Match a sugar substitute with its corresponding brand name...

Stevia, Truvia

Why are colors sometimes added to foods? 3

1. Enrich natural color

2. Smooth out color variations

3. Offset color loss

True/False: Natural (exempt) food colors do NOT have to appear on the food label...

False: All ingredients must be labeled

What gov. agency is primarily responsible for regulating food additives including colors?

FDA

Give an example of indirect food additives..

paper from packaging

All food additives must be tested and approved by the FDA before they can be used in foods. Therefore, in moderation, sugar substitutes are safe for consumption with the exception of what..?

Aspartame & individuals with PKU

True/False: Food color additives come in two classes, certified & exempt.

True: Certified colors are from synthetic sources & exempt are from natural sources

What are some examples of food allergies?

Eggs, Milk, Wheat, Fish, Shell fish, Peanuts, Tree-nuts, Soy

The symptoms of a food allergy can vary, but may include what common symptoms?

Hives, diarrhea

True/False: Children's allergies can be outgrown.

True: can , but not always

Fat substitutes can be used to completely replace fat in a foods formulation or to partially replace the mouth feel and other sensory properties that fat adds to food, the latter is otherwise known as the fat....

mimetic

According to the NIH, a food allergy is the bodies adverse RxN to a particular food specifically resulting in the production of __ antibodies by the immune system.

IgE

What diagnostic tests can be involved in diagnosis of food allergies?

1. Skin prick test

2. Diet Diary

3. Personal history

What are fat substitutes typically composed of? 4 things

Carbs, proteins, fat, & polysaccharide based

True/False: Fat substitutes can be used to either partially or completely replace a fat in a certain food...

True, depending on fat

If you have a food allergy, it is important to read food labels because..

prepared foods may contain allergens that are not obvious according to the name

In contrast to initial hypothesis that more antioxidants would be better for health, some studies of antioxidants have shown that taking them is associated with

cancer risk

The term antioxidants refers to a group of chemical compounds that behave in a ____ way.

Similar

What is an example of a third party testing service that supplement manufacturers can use?

NFS international

What is the definition of phytochemicals

plant derived chemicals that appeal to the public because of their natural source that can be very potent & used as basis for medications

In addition to talking to your doctor, if you think you have had an adverse reaction to a supplement, what can you do?

Report it to the FDA

What are 4 examples of dietary antioxidants?

1. Manganese

2. Selenium

3. Vit. C

4. Beta-Carotene

Some antioxidants are also known as vitamins, such as..

Vit. E

True/False: Studies of antioxidants have indisputable shown that their consumption prevents cancer...

False: they may help prevent age related macular degeneration.

Free Radicals can damage the body by: 4 things

1. Damaging cell membranes

2. Altering DNA's code

3. Taking e- from other molecules

4. contributing to atherosclerosis

Dietary supplements can sometimes interact with other supplements, medicines, and/or other foods a person takes and lead to problems. What is one example of this kind of interaction?

Using St. Johns Wort may decrease effectiveness of medicines like antidepressants

How does a discount food store compare to a traditional food retailer?

Discounters sell more limited array of products than traditional retailers

Even though New Zealand....

because of how cows are raised in NZ vs England

Match a type of food label date with its definition

best if used by-estimate of date after food is no longer at its highest quality

What entity traditionally served as the go between for food processors/manufacturers and retailers?

whole salers

As a general rule, foods past their label date are safe to consume, however, there is one area of food safety that is an exception to this generalization. What is it?

deli meat

What are 3 contributors to fast foods success as an industry in the US

1. Eat at non traditional times

2. Convenience

3. Predictability

What is not a reason food is transported?

to increase shelf life and prevent spoilage

it is estimated that food waste costs the average american consumer

&400/year

Aside from logistics, one of the important challenges presented by mass catering is maintaining...

food safety

the term food miles means

distance food travels to get to consumer

What are diseases of affluence

Heart disease, diabetes, obesity

diseases related to over-consumption of foods

Health is affected by many variables what are 3....

Not enough nutrients, high fat foods, individual sensitivity

Not: Genetic predisposition of heart disease

What are 4 examples of a social influence on food intake?

1. Gender

2. Age

3. Cultural background

4. socioeconomic status

What is an ethnic or cultural influence on food consumption?

sequence of food eaten during a meal

what is the concept of under reporting?

company not reporting when they are taking risks when handling food.

In what 4 ways can our physiological state influence our eating behaviors?

1. Prior learning

2. Our motivations

3. personal preference

4. Thinking about foods (cognition)

Match a food contaminant with its corresponding category:

Biological: Giardia Lamblia

Dietary Supplements are often nutrients derived from food but taken in a more purified form. In contrast, functional foods...

are everyday foods that may help regulate particular body processes