Anatomy and Conformation

Lecture 1

Why is conformation important?

supports optimal limb loading and movement patterns

reduces the risk for MSK injuries

form affects function

Ideal conformation provides a _____ base of support and equal _____ across all limbs.

broad, weight bearing

What is defined as the symmetry, size, and shape of various body regions relative to each other or in general appearance?

conformation

What is defined as the position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting?

posture

What may cause altered posture?

pain

weakness

neurologic deficits

Conformational faults of the forelimb induces altered limb loading, which may cause what?

fetlock osteoarthritis

splint bone disease

List unique features of the equine limb.

bears weight primarily on a single functional digit

long, lightweight distal segments reduce limb inertia and the msucular effort required during locomotion

long flexor tendons functions as elastic springs

digital tendon sheaths and synovial bursae reduce friction where tendons pass over joints and bony prominences

stay apparatus allows prolonged standing with minimal muscular effort

fetlock is supported by proximal sesamoid bones and the suspensory apparatus

Way makes up the stay apparatus in the forelimb?

serratus ventralis

bicep brachii tendon

lacertus fibrosis

extensor carpi radialis

SDF and DDF tendons

Proximal and distal accessory ligaments

interosseous ligament

common digital extensor

distal sesamoidean ligaments

What percent of weight bearing is on forelimbs?

65%

What percent of weight bearing is on hindlimbs?

35%

What structure surrounds the SDFT and DDFT, extending from mid cannon to mid P2?

digital tendon sheath

What are the digital annular ligaments?

palmar annular ligament

proximal digital annular ligament

distal digital annular ligament

What are the joints of the stifle?

patellofemoral joint

femorotibial joint

What are the joints of the tarsus?

tibiotarsal joint

proximal intertarsal joint

distal intertarsal joint

tarsometatarsal joint

What are the joints of the carpus?

radiocarpal joint

midcarpal joint

carpometacarpal joint

What is the medical name for the fetlock joint?

metacarpophalangeal joint

What is the medical name for the pastern joint?

proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)

What is the medical name for the coffin joint?

distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

Way makes up the stay apparatus in the hindlimb?

patellar locking mechanism

peroneus tertius (reciprocal apparatus)

SDF and DDF

Common calcaneal tendon

distal accessory ligament

long digital extensor

interosseous ligament

distal sesamoidean ligaments