Intro to the Human Body

What is the study of the human body called?

Anatomy

What relates to the functions of the human body?

Physiology

What is Gross Anatomy?

The study of structures visible to the naked eye.

What is microscopic anatomy?

The study of structures too small to be seen without a microscope.

What does cytology study?

The study of cells.

What does histology study?

The study of tissues.

What is embryology?

The study of the development of embryos.

Define a frontal section.

A cut that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

Define a sagittal section.

A cut that divides the body into left and right parts.

Define a transverse section.

A cut that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

What does the endocrine system do?

Coordinates body processes using hormones.

What does the adrenal gland produce?

Hormones that help the body respond to stress and regulate blood pressure.

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

Produces hormones that control metabolism and energy use.

What does the pituitary gland do?

Produces hormones and controls other endocrine glands.

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Transports nutrients and oxygen to body tissues and carries wastes away from tissues.

What is the role of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

Pumps blood throughout the body.

What does the skeletal system provide?

Framework for muscles, protection and support of body organs, stores minerals, and produces blood.

What are joints?

Places where bones meet and allow movement.

What is the function of bones?

Support and protect the body, store minerals, and produce blood cells.

What is the muscular system responsible for?

Movement, maintenance of posture, and thermoregulation.

What do muscles do?

Contract to produce movement, maintain posture, and generate heat.

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

What do lungs do?

Supply oxygen to blood and remove carbon dioxide.

What is the main muscle used for breathing?

Diaphragm.

What does the trachea do?

Carries air toward the lungs.

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air.

What role does the larynx play?

Helps with breathing and produces sound.

What does the immune system do?

Defends the body from infection and disease.

What are lymph nodes and vessels?

Filter lymph, fight infection, and return tissue fluid to blood.

What is the role of the spleen?

Filters blood and helps fight infection.

What is the integumentary system?

The outermost protective layer of the body.

What is the primary function of skin?

Protective outer covering of the body.

What do hair and nails do?

Help protect the body.

What does the digestive system do?

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.

What is the role of the stomach?

Stores food and helps break it down.

What do the small and large intestines do?

Absorb nutrients and water and help eliminate solid waste.

What is the function of the pancreas?

Produces digestive enzymes and hormones.

What does the liver do?

Processes nutrients, removes harmful substances, and produces bile.

What does the esophagus do?

Carries food from the throat to the stomach.

What is the nervous system's main function?

The control system that responds to stimuli and coordinates muscles and glands.

What role does the spinal cord have in the nervous system?

Carries nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

What is the function of the brain?

Main control center that processes information and coordinates body activities.

What does the urinary system eliminate?

Excess water, salts, and nitrogenous wastes from the body.

What organ stores urine until it leaves the body?

Bladder.

What do the kidneys do?

Filter blood, remove wastes and excess water, and produce urine.

What does the urinary system relate to?

Production, storage, and removal of urine.

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.