Dev Psych (last Resources-Congenital Abnormalities)

Theoretical Research

what type of research is used to create theories and ask questions to test a theory or explain a theory

Applied research

which type of theory seeks to provide a practical solution to everyday problems

Formulate a question, Develop a hypothesis, Test the hypothesis, Analyze data and draw conclusions

what are the four steps to the research process

Null hypothesis

what is the type of hypothesis where you try to prove the hypothesis wrong

Experimental

what kind of hypothesis is intended to establish cause and effect between two variables?

Extraneous Variable

what are the other factors that could affect the outcome called?

Cause and Effect

what is the cornestone of experimental hypotheses

Correlational

what is the type of hypothesis that describes how two variables relate to each other

Positive Correlation

what is the type of correlation that is described as: one variable increases/decreases the other variable does the same thing

Negative Correlation

what is the type of correlation that is described as: as one variable increases the other variable decreases

Observer bias

what is the main concern about correlational hypotheses

Naturalistic observation

what is the type of correlational study that simply observes people in their normal environment

Case studies

what is the type of correlational study where you might discuss or have an in depth interview with groups of people who have similar experiences

Survery Research

what is the type of correlational study that is a small group or sample of people is studied in order to generalize the finds to a larger population

Psychophysiological Approach

what is the type of correlational study that looks at the relationship between the physical body and mental behavior

Illusory Correlations

what is described as seeing a relationship where none exist

Confirmation Bias

what is the tendency to find evidence that supports our view while conveniently ignoring evidence that contracdicts it

Qualitative

what is described as analyzing a category or experiences not using numbers

Constructivism

what is qualitative data rooted on?

Quantitative

what is analyzing data using a number scale or simply just numbers

positivism

what is quantitative analysis rooted in?

Field study

what is a natural occurring study for research called?

Laboratory study

what is a controlled environment for research called?

Cross-sectional

what is the type of time-frame that is described as taking groups of people that are different in age but similar in characteristics all at the same time

Longitudinal

What is the type of time-frame study that is "tracking a group over time"

Sequential

what is the type of time-frame study that is a cross-sectional analysis over a time period

IRB

what is the board that is there to make sure everything is done honestly and voluntarily

Intellectual functioning, Adaptive behaviors

what are the two areas that are looked at to determine if one has an Intellectual disability

Ability to learn new info, px solving skills, decision making

what are the three main areas that are looking at to determine intellectual functioning

Everyday life skills

what is an example of adaptive behaviors

Genetic, Pregnancy, illness/injury

what are the three causes that exposes one to intellectual disabilities

55-70

what is number range for mild Intellectual disability

Mild

what is the type of intellectual disability that is described as:

-slow development

-can achieve social/vocational self maintenance

40-55

what is the range for moderate intellectual disability

Moderate

what is the classification of intellectual disability that is described as:

-Delays in motor development, responds to training, poor communication

25-40

what is the range for severe intellectual disability

severe

what is the classification of intellectual disability that is described as:

-helps self minimally

-some understanding of speech

-dependent on others

under 25

what is the range for profound intellectual disability

Profound

what is the classification of intellectual disabilities that is described as:

-minimally functional

-shows basic emotional responses

-institutionalized

Down syndrome

what is the most common chromosomal abnormality

Trisomy 21

what is another name for down syndrome that relates more to the literal genetic disorder

Intellectual disability

what is the major symptom of down syndrome

Congenital Hypothyroidism/Cretinism

what is the disorder that is caused by:

-underdeveloped thyroid

-iodine deficiency

Good Baby syndrome

what is another name for congenital hypothyroidism (Cretinism) that emphasizes the activity portion of the disease

PKU

what is the disability that is caused by a missing enzyme that typically converts phenylalanine to tyrosine

veggies, fruit, juices, starch

what are the four good foods that should be served to one with PKU

Cerebral Palsy

what is a disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture caused by injury or abnormal development of the brain

Lack of oxygen in first 5 min after birth

what is the main cause of cerebral palsy

Muscular Dystrophy

what is the disorder that is described as a degeneration of muscles

Creatine Kinase

In order to attempt to treat Muscular dystrophy what is something that should be increased as a baby

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

what is the genetic disorder that destroys the nerves that control the muscles

2-4 years

how long does it take for one with Spinal Muscular Atrophy to die?

1-4 years

when are you gonna see the decline in a child that could indicate that one has down syndrome

before 3 years old

when do the symptoms of cerebral palsy manifest by?

3-6 years

when should one expect to see delayed motor responses for a person with muscular dystrophy

Genes

what are segments of DNA

form and function

what do the genes control in all body cells

Additive

which type of gene interaction is desecribed as: different genes are added together to come up with what you have

46

how many chromosomes does mitosis work with?

23

how many chromosomes does meiosis work with?

Congenital

what means present at birth

Inherited

what does genetically passed mean

Chromosomal, Single Gene Mendelian, Polygenic/Multifactorial, Non-Genetic Conditions

what are the four types of Genetic Disorders

Nondisjunction, Trisomy 13, Translocation

what are the three Chromosomal disorders

Nondisjuction

which chromosmal disorder happens during meiosis and is simply just a numerical error

cleft lip

what is the phenotype problem that occurs d/t Trisomy 13

Translocation

which type of genetic disorder is described as: Chromosome attaches to another causing large chromsome or part of chromosome to be deleted

Cri du chat

what is the common disorder that results from translocation that makes a babies cry sounds like that of a cat

Homozygous

what is it called when two genes are the same in terms of dominance or recession

Heterozygous

what is called when one gene is different than the other

Genotype

what means the genetic makeup

Phenotype

what is described as the physical expression of a trait

Consanguineous

what is it called when both parents share common ancestry

Variable Expression

what is the term that is described as the possibility of having the genetic defect but do not express the symptoms

Dominant

what is it called when a gene is found in the family history with no carriers

genogram

what is the system used to track alleles through ones family

Recessive

what is it called when a gene can be hidden by family members and carrying is a large possibility

Autosomal Dominant

what is the type of genetic disorder where only one abnormal gene is required for a person to have the disorder

Autosomal Recessive

what is the type of genetic disorder where a person has to have both abnormal genes to have the disease expressed

X-linked dominant

what are genetic disorder that are linked to the X chromosomes called?

X-linked recessive

what genetic disorder is linked to recessive X chromosomes and mainly affects men

Polygenic/Multifactorial

most types of genetic mutations are which type?

Non-Genetic Conditions

which type of disorder develops during/t environmental insult or trauma; and is not gene related

Fragile X

which type of genetic disorder is described as: part of X chromosome is attached by a thin string of molecules that it appears to break off

intellectual disabilities

Fragile X syndrome is most commonly linked to what kind of disabilities

Amniocentesis, Chorionic Villi Sampling, Ultrasound

what are the three prenatal testing options for mothers

16-20 weeks

when can an amniocentesis be done to determine the sex chromsomes of a baby

Chorionic Villi Sampling

which prenatal testing method is the riskiest

Zygote

what is the name of the child right after fertilization

Embryo

what is the name of the child at the beginning of the 3rd week-8th week

Fetus

what is the name of the child at the beginning of the 8th week-40th week

Organogenesis

what is it called when all the organs are fully formed

Second trimester

which trimester are sucking, swallowing, and urinating behaviors seen in

Surfactant

chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing

Third Trimester

when are patterns of sleep noticed during pregnancy

Teratogens

what are substances that cause birth defects called?

Pathogens, Drugs

what are the two things that Teratogens are d/t

First Trimester

which trimester is the most crucial to prevent teratogens

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

what is the teratogen disorder that is caused by daily consumption of alcohol or binge drinking

intellectual deficits, poor social skills

what are the two disorders that are typically seen in one that had fetal alcohol syndrome