Nomenclature and Chemical Formulas Flashcards

Flashcards covering chemical nomenclature rules, fixed/variable cations, monatomic/polyatomic anions, oxyanion naming series, and ionic chemical formula balancing based on the lecture transcript.

Fixed Charge Cation

A cation that forms only one specific positive charge, named directly after its element name without Roman numerals or name changes (e.g., barium ion or potassium ion).

Variable Charge Cation

A cation, typical of transition metals, that can form multiple positive charges and requires Roman numerals in parentheses to indicate its charge in nomenclature (e.g., iron(II) vs. iron(III)).

Monatomic Anion Nomenclature

The naming rule for single-element negative ions, where the end of the element's name is replaced with the suffix -ide (e.g., oxide, nitride, phosphide).

Hydrogen Ion ($H^+$)

An ion consisting of a single proton and an empty $n=1$ orbital, formed when a hydrogen atom loses its single electron; frequently referred to simply as a proton.

Hydride Ion

A negatively charged hydrogen ion that is difficult to create but involved in notable organic chemistry reactions.

Hydroxide Ion

A polyatomic anion composed of oxygen and hydrogen with the molecular formula $OH^-$ and an overall charge of $-1$.

Mercury(I) Ion

A diatomic cation with the chemical formula $Hg_2^{2+}$, featuring two mercury atoms sharing a combined $+2$ charge ($+1$ charge per atom).

Tin(IV) Oxide

An ionic compound with the molecular formula $SnO_2$, formed by balancing one $Sn^{4+}$ cation with two $O^{2-}$ anions to achieve a net neutral charge.

Polyatomic Ion

A covalently bonded group of atoms that carries an overall positive or negative electrical charge.

Ammonium Ion

A polyatomic cation with the formula $NH_4^+$, composed of one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to four hydrogen atoms, carrying a net $+1$ charge (distinct from neutral ammonia, $NH_3$).

Oxyanions

Polyatomic anions containing oxygen, differentiated by suffixes where -ate denotes the form with more oxygen atoms (e.g., phosphate, sulfate) and -ite denotes the form with fewer oxygen atoms (e.g., phosphite, sulfite).

Chlorine Oxyanion Series

A four-stage system of oxyanions containing chlorine: hypochlorite (1 oxygen), chlorite (2 oxygens), chlorate (3 oxygens), and perchlorate (4 oxygens).

Hydronium Ion

An ion represented as $H_3O^+$, formed when a water molecule associates with an additional hydrogen ion ($H^+$) to take on a positive charge.

Calcium Bromide

An ionic compound formed by combining one $Ca^{2+}$ cation with two $Br^-$ anions to produce the balanced chemical formula $CaBr_2$.

Copper(I) Chloride

An ionic compound formed from a transition metal copper cation with a $+1$ charge and a chloride anion, resulting in the molecular formula $CuCl$.

Copper(II) Sulfate

An ionic compound where a copper cation with a $+2$ charge balances a polyatomic sulfate anion ($SO_4^{2-}$).