1. Water pollution - point source vs non-point and the water cycle

780 million

World wide how many people do not have access to an improved water source?

pollution that is discharged from a single source/point example sewage, industrial, oil, mining.

What is point source pollution?

Pollution that is discharged from many sources rather than a single site. Examples road salt, Agriculture runoff, animal waste and precipitation

What is non-point source pollution?

Non-point source - isn’t one specific pipeline that can be closed

Would it be harder to control pollution from a point source or non-point source?

A location where water is stored

What is a recevoir?

Oceans (96.5%), Freshwater (2.5%) - Groundwater, glaciers, surface waters(lakes, rivers, soil moisture, etc.), atmosphere

What are major water recevoirs?

Evaporation, Sublimation and Evapotranspiration

What are the processes that transport water TO the atmosphere?

As the sun heats up water (e.g. in the ocean) it changes from a liquid to a gas (vapor), transporting the water the atmosphere

What is Evaporation?

Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor (solid water —> gaseous water)

What is sublimation?

Evaporated water specifically from plants and soils

What is Evapotranspiration?

Condensation, precipitation and Deposition

What are the processes that transport water FROM the atmosphere?

When water vapour in the atmosphere cools and condenses into clouds

What is condensation?

If cloud particles grow large enough, they can fall out of the sky as precipitation (as either snow, rain, hail, etc.)

What is precipitation?

The transfer of water vapour directly to solid water (ice/snow)

What is deposition?

Surface runoff and Infiltration

What are the processes that transport ALONG the Earths surface?

Due to gravity, precipitation flows over the ground until it ends up in a river/stream (which eventually will flow into a lake/ocean)

What is Surface runoff?

Due to gravity, precipitation can leak into the groundwater and eventually recharge into a lake/ocean

What is infiltration?