Unit 7 & 8 KBAT

(Stuff I Can't Memorize for the Life of Me)

Fair Deal

President Harry S. Truman's domestic program, which he began promoting in 1945 with such intentions as increasing the minimum wage, increasing aid to agriculture and education, and enacting a national heath insurance program, only some of which Congress approved

Executive Order 9981

an executive order ending segregation in the military that was issued by President Harry S. Truman in 1948

World Bank

a bank founded in 1944 by the United States and 43 other nations in order to provide loans to help countries recover from World War II and develop their economies

International Monetary Fund

it's goals were to stabilize the global monetary system and establish uniform exchange rates for foreign currency

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

signed by 23 nations in 1947 in which member nations agreed to lower tariffs and eliminate barriers to international trade.

Truman Doctrine

a U.S. foreign policy, established in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman, of providing economic and military aid to countries—initially Greece and Turkey—that were attempting to resist communism

Marshall Plan

a U.S. plan, initiated by the Secretary of State George Marshall and implemented from 1948 to 1951, to aid in the economic recovery of Europe after World War II by offering certain European countries substantial funds

Soviet Bomb (Tsar Bomb)

a thermonuclear aerial bomb, and the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested

Mao Zedong

supported Chiang Kai-shek and led the Chinese communists

Police Action

sponsored by the US when North Korea invaded South Korea under the auspices of the United Nations

President Truman

president during the end of World War II, when the atomic bomb was used, the Marshall Plan was implemented, and the Truman Doctrine was established

General MacArthur

initially successful in driving back the North Korean forces over the 38th parallel; made a controversial move when he continued to push the North Koreans further north and suggested bombing cities in China that were thought to be aiding the North Korean troops

Brinkmanship

a foreign policy characterized by a willingness to push a dangerous situation to the brink, or edge, of war rather than give in to an opponent

Massive Retaliation

policy of President Eisenhower and aimed to ensure that the US maintained a strong second-strike capability and could respond to all external threats

Warsaw Pact

a collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe

SEATO

purpose of the organization was to prevent communism from gaining ground in Southeast Asia

Eisenhower Doctrine

stated that a Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression

ICBM

land-based, nuclear-armed ballistic missile with a range of more than 3,500 miles; first deployed by Russia, then US

Berlin Crisis

East German police and military units sealed off all arteries leading to West Berlin

Ex Comm

a body of United States government officials that convened to advise President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis

Test Ban Treaty

an agreement signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain in 1963 to ban nuclear testing in the atmosphere but allow underground testing

Peace Corps

a government agency created by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 to send skilled volunteers to developing nations to support their local communities in areas such as education, agriculture, health, technology, and community development

Alliance for Progress

provided economic and technical aid to Latin American nations while encouraging democratic reform; most funds eventually ended up in the pockets of anti-communist dictators, who used the money to fight communist rebels and others who opposed their rule

Inaugural Address

dramatically announced a generational change in the White House and urged American citizens to participate in public service

New Frontier

internal program of President John F. Kennedy from 1961 to 1963, aimed at increasing support for education programs against poverty and care for the elderly, lower taxes, raise the minimum wage, prohibiting racial discrimination and increase defense spending

Camelot

a term used to describe the Kennedy administration, referring to a time of hope and promise; the code name of a counterinsurgency study begun by the United States Army in 1964

Jacqueline Kennedy

wife of President Kennedy when he got assassinated

Dallas, Texas

where President Kennedy had gotten assassinated while riding in a presidential motorcade

Lee Harvey Oswald

assassin of President Kennedy

Warren Commission

purpose was to investigate the assassination of President JFK

Lyndon B. Johnson

became president after President Kennedy’s assassination; advocated for civil rights bill; established Kerner Commission

Great Society

President Lyndon Johnson's domestic reform program from 1965 to 1969, which focused on social welfare improvements, with the War on Poverty at its centerpiece, and almost all of which Congress passed

Barry Goldwater

outspoken conservative; believed that government's most important task was to "preserve and extend freedom."

“Johnson Treatment”

a strategy in which Johnson relied heavily on his powers of persuasion to guide to passage such legislation as the Civil Right Act of 1957

War on Poverty

President Lyndon Johnson's extensive antipoverty program from 1964 to 1969, the centerpiece of which was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

Economic Opportunity Act

a law passed by Congress in 1964 to create dozens of federal antipoverty programs, including the Job Corps and VISTA, and the Office of Economic Opportunity to oversee them

Job Corps

U.S. government residential education and job-training program for low-income at-risk young people

VISTA

a top secret study conducted by prominent physicists, researchers, military officers, and staff at California Institute of Technology to give advice to the military on the most effective ways that the weapons that were already in the military's possession could be used to combat a Soviet advance into Europe

Department of Housing and Urban Development Act

signed by President Johnson, which expanded funding for existing federal housing programs, provided rent subsidies for the elderly and disabled, assisted in the construction of more low-income housing, and provided funds for public works projects.

Medicaid

a health insurance program that is jointly financed by federal and state governments and that covers low-income people as well as older Americans who have used up their Medicare benefits

Medicare

a federal health insurance program that pays for hospital and nursing home services for U.S. citizens 65 years or older

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

signed into law in 1965 by President Lyndon Baines Johnson and was designed to aid low-income students and to combat racial segregation in schools

National Endowment for the Arts

signed by President Johnson and is an issues grants to artists, musicians, writers, scholars, and researchers to promote a vibrant national culture

Public Broadcasting Act

signed by President Johnson and established the CPB to support the development of public radio and television programs

Immigration Act of 1965

a law passed by Congress in 1965 to eliminate immigration quotas based on country of origin and to make a person's skills and ties to family in the United States the key criteria for admission into the country

Silent Spring

a 1962 book by Rachel Carson that raised public interest in environmentalism by revealing how uncontrolled pesticide use was poisoning the environment

Clean Air Act

set emission standards for factories to reduce air pollution

The Warren Court

the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren from 1953 to 1969, known for its activism on civil rights and free speech